杨宁 发表于 2020-6-17 18:39:00

朋霍费尔与马丁路德金

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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">林贤治:朋霍费尔与马丁路德金</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在德国,他用暴力的方式保护信仰</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">有一本朋霍费尔的传记,叫《力阻狂轮》。这名目,令人立即想到中国的一个古老的成语:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">螳臂挡车</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。书名出自朋霍费尔书信里的话,表达的是一种自我牺牲的决心和勇气;换成我们的成语,意思却刚好相反,变成对一个人的信念的讥嘲了。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">不过,从朋霍费尔的行为来看,委实是一只不自量力的螳螂。他抵挡的,全是以个人能力根本无法战胜的庞大的事物:国家政权、帝国教会和战争。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">朋霍费尔于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1906</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日出生于德国的一个优裕的知识分子家庭,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">岁进杜宾根大学,一年后转入柏林大学,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">岁时就任系统神学讲师。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1933</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年,正当他迎着光辉的学术前景大步迈进的时刻,希特勒粉墨登场。为此,他主动中断神圣的学术生涯,投入艰险的政治斗争而毫不顾惜。他在电台发表公开演讲,揭露大独裁者的政治阴谋,抨击把党的领袖偶像化的政治专制制度。然而,教会跟着希特勒跑了,全国转瞬之间成了纳粹的党天下。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">因为教会公开为国家暴政辩护,朋霍费尔不能忍受,决心与之决裂。他不但拒绝担任牧师,而且动员所有拒绝国家主义的牧师放弃职务。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1933</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月,在动身前往伦敦教区工作前夕,他向学生告别说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">现在正是在安静中坚持的时候,并且要在德国基督教会的每个角落埋下真理的火种,好让整座建筑一同烧尽!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在伦敦,他广泛宣传德国的教会斗争,恳求外国教会承认</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">认信教会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">为惟一的教会,而拒绝承认国家教会。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">认信教会是在非常时期中,由持不同政见者组成的同国家教会相对抗的教会。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1935</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年,朋霍费尔回到德国,即受聘为这个异端教会组织的牧师,主持讲道课程。希特勒政权一方面控制教会的财政命脉,另一方面摆出民主改革的姿态,致使许多会员纷纷倒戈,回到政府的怀抱。朋霍费尔坚定地表示:决不接受被国家收编的任何尝试。他为那些在认信运动中坚持与国家对峙的受迫害者筹措薪金,把自己的薪水分给学生,最后,还决然放弃了婚姻。他深知,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">对于一个不妥协的战士来说,家庭是一个累赘;他不希望为此随时遭到国家的恐吓和敲诈,而使未来的坚持变得更沉重。</B>然而,形势愈来愈坏,连教堂上的十字架也为纳粹符号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">卐</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">所取代。认信教会的牧师们虽然不赞同向党和领袖宣誓效忠,但也无力反对,最后甚至一改初衷,做出将拒绝宣誓效忠者一概开除的规定。对于犹太人问题,领导人基本上站到国家一边,只有极少数激进分子持反对迫害的态度。他们发表宣言,控告国家践踏人权,结果致使整个教会背上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">叛国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">的罪名,起草人和传播者遭到拘捕,最后死于集中营。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1937</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月,纳粹政府正式下达关闭认信教会的禁令。剩下朋霍费尔和他的伙伴,他们不得不拿生命作赌注,违法进行神学教育训练。可是,到了后来,最极端的激进分子也拒绝参与反对国家领导的行为。朋霍费尔彻底孤立了。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">鉴于朋霍费尔的危险处境,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1939</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月,美国朋友带他离开了德国。本来,这是许多流亡者求之不得的事,可是,他不愿意在人民陷入魔鬼的巨掌时,独自居留安全的境地,在本国被迫害的基督徒最需要他的时候抛弃他们。他确信上帝之手在指引他,于是,随后三个星期,又从美国返回了德国。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">( http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">这时,第二次世界大战爆发了。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">战争与和平问题,成了朋霍费尔与纳粹政权为敌的焦点。全国大多数人都在为国家的侵略政策和战争成就欢呼,而从不追问应当由谁为此付出代价,这种爱国主义的狂热使他十分震惊,于是他到处奔走呼告:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">希特勒代表战争!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">这样,他不得不饱尝苦果,再也无法在德国任何一所大学任教。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1940</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年,他进入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">国防军</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">反间谍机关担任信使工作,利用合法身份,将德国抵抗运动的目标和秘密计划传达给西方各国。在朋友面前,他不惜牺牲个人的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">清誉</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,隐瞒自己的真实角色,以便更有效地进行政治和军事的密谋策划。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1943</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日,他同他的姐姐和姐夫一起被捕。据盖世太保的判决,姐夫杜南义是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">策动谋杀领袖运动的主谋和精神领袖</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。两年后,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1945</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日,朋霍费尔同其他五名持不同政见者均以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">叛国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">罪被处以绞刑。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">( http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">时隔一个月,仅仅一个月,德国无条件投降。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">疯狂的巨轮终于停止了滚动。可是,朋霍费尔,他的从不停止挥动的螳臂连同有为的躯体,已经被碾碎在通往黎明的路上了。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在美国,他用非暴力的方式保护平等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">另一位牧师其实也是挡车的螳螂,他就是美国著名的民权运动领袖马丁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">路德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金所面临的狂轮是种族歧视制度。虽然压力不是直接来自国家政权和战争,但是,此间对于生命的漠视和对自由权利的剥夺,在本质上是一样的。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">(<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">美国历史上的南北战争,以联邦国家对南方庄园主与蓄奴制的胜利结束,可是,在根本意义上,胜利毕竟是妥协的产物,即使在法律上给予黑人以一定的权利,在南方各州,仍然出现大量的歧视黑人的现象。到了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">世纪,由于国家工业化和城市化的迅速发展,联邦政府及时对宪法做出新的解释,立法禁止联邦雇佣中的歧视,禁止动产契约中的种族限制,取消军队和学校里的种族隔离,以及其他形式的公共隔离。这些相关的法律措施,遭到南方坚持种族歧视的地方势力的反对,根本无法实行。地方政府与联邦政府的抵制与反抵制的斗争势必持续下去,而民权运动作为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">第三势力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,也就在这个痛苦的僵持过程中发展了起来。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1955</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">12</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月,在蒙哥马利市,一位名叫罗莎</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">帕克斯的黑人女裁缝拒绝服从公共汽车司机要她给白人让座的命令,于是被捕,而且被处以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">美元罚金和诉讼费,黑人积聚多年的不满情绪顿时爆发起来。他们发起一场大规模的联合抵制行动,原计划拒乘公共汽车一天,结果持续了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">382</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">天,直到最高法院宣布隔离公共交通的做法违宪时为止。这是美国历史上第一次由基层自发发起的维权行动,从此,民权运动便如山洪般地不可遏止了。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( h<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ttp://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在这次联合抵制运动中,黑人领袖们组织了蒙哥马利改进协会,并选举马丁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">路德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金为主席。这样,这位年届</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">26</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">岁的牧师,便走到了民权运动的前台。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金出身于亚特兰大美国最大的黑人社区中的一个著名的黑人神职家庭,毕业于当地的莫尔豪斯大学,在切斯特的克罗泽神学院获神学学位,在波士顿大学获哲学博士学位。他在他的社区里,致力于追求平等与进步的斗争,把布道者的热情和学者的智慧结合到一起,深获黑人的拥戴。继蒙哥马利运动之后,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">南方基督教领袖联合会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">成立,金再次被推选为主席。在考虑到少数人如何能够战胜整个社会,坚持为自由和公正而斗争的时候,金决定采取非暴力反抗的方式。虽然,黑人此前也曾试验过这种策略,但是,真正取得成功的,还是始于金领导的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代的这场席卷全国的斗争。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">( http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1960</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月,金和他的同伴们鼓动大学生成立自己的非暴力组织,并向他们提供卓越的领导力量。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1963</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月,在金的带领下,黑人向</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">美国种族隔离最厉害的城市</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">伯明翰市集中发动强大的和平攻势,在实行种族隔离的快餐馆里进行连续不断的静坐,接着联合抵制商人和进军市政厅。正当黑人勇敢地行进时,一个州法院颁布禁止进军的命令,金被捕了。他在监狱中写信指出:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">道义上有责任不服从不公正的法律。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">他警告说,如果非暴力抗议失败,后果将是可怕的。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">(<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">八天以后,金被释放出来,立即恢复了对运动的领导。对抗开始升级。警方动用警犬和救火水管,进行大规模逮捕,监狱里一共关押了两千多名抗议者。后来,又接连发生金及其兄弟的住宅和黑人领袖总部的小旅馆的爆炸,通过教育局使一千多名参加示威的学生停学或被开除。官方的暴力行为,不但没有把金吓倒,反而增进他的斗争决心。在著名的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">童子军游行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">之后,金又挥动臂膀指挥了一场更加宏伟的战斗:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">向华盛顿进军</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">!</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">( http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">所有的黑人大组织都支持这次新的进军。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">28</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日,共有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">万和平示威者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">其中有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">万名白人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">集合在全国的首都。他们游行、唱歌、高呼口号,凝聚到林肯纪念堂听金的演说。金说,我有一个梦想:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">有一天,这个国家会站立起来,真正实现其信条的真谛:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">‘</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">’”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。他接着说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">怀着这个信念,我们一定能在一起工作,一起祷告,一起斗争,一起坐牢,一起坚持自由,因为我们知道,总有一天我们会自由的。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">” </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( htt<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">p://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">次年,金被授予诺贝尔和平奖。这个题作《我有一个梦想》的演讲,至今仍然激动着世界人民的心。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由,始终是同平等连结在一起的,自由和平等,都是对个人权利一致性的维护。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">自由的梦想,属于金,属于朋霍费尔,它属于所有反专制、反歧视、反奴役的战士。只要梦想存在一天,自由的战斗就不会消亡。</B></SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">同朋霍费尔不同的是,金不是孤身奋战,他的背后站着联邦政府和千千万万弱势的人们,所以有力量使狂轮受阻,而且出现逆转。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1968</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年春,金又开始计划下一次向华盛顿的大进军。这次进军是在全国穷人中进行动员的,包括黑人,也包括白人。他的梦想广大到要打破种族的界限,而扩至不同的阶级中去。自由的真正目标终归要到达底层。可是,意外的是,这只伟大的螳螂,怀着他的梦想突然死去了。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日,金去孟菲斯支援罢工的垃圾工人,在一家小旅馆的阳台上,遭到一个白人狙击手的射杀。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">热爱祖国,却生活在不同性质的国家</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">朋霍费尔和马丁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">路德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金,两个基督徒,两个牧师,两只力阻狂轮的螳螂,连死亡也如此相似。可是,他们生前斗争的手段极不相同,死法也不同,连死后在世间的反应也有着很大的差异。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">( http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">与其说是因为他们生活在不同的时代里,毋宁说是生活在不同的国度里。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">有意味的是,朋霍费尔同金一样,最先也是甘地的追随者,曾经一度打算亲自到印度访问甘地,取非暴力斗争的真经。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">登山宝训</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">作为基督教原始团契的基本原则,不但为甘地所崇奉,也被朋霍费尔当作座右铭,在生活中努力践行的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1934</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年,他在丹麦召开的普世教会会议上,有一个瑞典人问他:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">如果战争爆发,你将怎么办?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">他回答是:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">我将祈求基督给我力量不拿起武器。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">显然,开始时,他取的是一种和平主义者的态度,可是最后发现:没有武器无法保卫公义。是国家把公义推上了囚车,国家本身具有犯罪的特质。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( h<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ttp://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">马丁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">路德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金幸运的地方,就在于他生活在另一个国家,一个不同性质的国家:美国。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">《独立宣言》声明必须解除强加于人的政治枷锁,承认世上所有人的包括生命、自由和对幸福追求的权利,其中还包括革命的权利。这个人民主权的原则,确保人民获得法律和实际政治的可靠保证,由拥有国家的人民治理国家。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">美国,你拥有比我们旧大陆优越的条件,没有破坏的宫殿和玄武岩。你展现的是有活力的时代,不受无用的回忆和徒劳的争论所困扰。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">歌德如此写道。美国作为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由独立的合众国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,政治体制采取首创的联邦制,一种植根于自组织的具有高度自治能力的多中心秩序体制,完全不同于自上而下的中央集权的控制体制,实行分权与制衡原则;在政府外部,存在着大量的民间组织。秩序和对抗共存于一个富有活力的体制中,它规定了政府仅只在有限的意义上实行统治,而人民在国家事务管理上起到决定性的作用。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">对于美国,托克维尔这样论说道:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">美国人最大的优势是,他们无需经历一场民主革命就实现了一种民主形态;他们生来就是平等的,而非后来才变成平等的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">美国的这种民主政制及其观念,根源于圣经传统的圣约思想。所以,马丁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">路德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金领导的民权运动,与这个国家的建国原则并没有根本性冲突;非暴力斗争能够节节获胜,也是因为有着这样的政治土壤。金的斗争得到肯尼迪总统和做司法部长的弟弟的支持,当金在伯明翰被关押时,兄弟二人中总有一个人打电话给地方当局,为他说话,以确保监禁不至于太苛暴。当在电视上看到金领导十万人向华盛顿进军时,总统不禁对助手赞叹说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">他太棒了!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">当权者对反对派如此欣赏,在世界历史上如果不是空前的,也是极少见的。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">(<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">朋霍费尔所在的德国,就不是这种情形了。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">这个由纳粹党统治的国家,实行的是国家社会主义体制,它的惯常形态是极权主义的,最终目标在于鼓励个人属于国家,实际上为党和领袖所控制。《纳粹德国》一书的作者克劳斯</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">费舍尔把当时的德国比作一个等边三角形,希特勒处在三角形的顶端;党和国家则构成三角形的等边,两部分官员多是重叠的、性质相似的。这个政权的最大特点就是意识形态和暴力,本质是种族主义,反基督教和反人道主义。它对人民进行监视,对舆论进行控制,社会没有独立的工会和其他压力集团的存在;不需要法律程序,随时随地,就可以把敢于批评党和政府的人送进监狱或是集中营。在这样一个专制、恐怖,全社会不知自由、人权为何物的国家里,朋霍费尔能做什么呢?他能和平地改变政府,并通过这样的政府去改革社会吗?</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">结果,朋霍费尔采取与马丁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">路德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金完全相反的手段,也是与自己的初衷完全相反的手段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">一种个人或少数人密谋的、暴力的手段去保护他的信仰;因为事实上,环境不可能提供任何其他手段给他选择。与其说,如此反抗的手段是他所选择的,毋宁说是国家事先代替他作出了选择。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( h<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ttp://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">朋霍费尔绝不怀疑任何一种暴力的使用都是罪,但是,他坚持认为,基督徒在一种情况下,即出于对邻人的爱,可以而且必须担此罪责。所以在讲道时,他指出,假若坐视国家政权的合法性暴力和不公,没有积极地进行抗争,却宣称在政治冲突中保持中立,其实这不再可能是中立。对于纳粹政权,和平姑息还是暴力反抗?哪一种罪更大?朋霍费尔认为,凡是不准备谋杀希特勒的人,凡是不从根本上否定暴力的人,不管愿意与否,都将与大屠杀的罪恶有关!</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">(<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在一个专制国家中,持顺从或者反抗的态度,无论对个人还是对国家的命运来说,都是带决定性的,根本不存在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">不抵抗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,或是同官方保持合作的所谓</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由主义者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。至于和平主义的抵抗方式,那结果如果不是沦为无谓的牺牲,便极有可能堕落为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">做戏的虚无党</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。不要用美国的现象来看待纳粹德国的事情,不要拿马丁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">路德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金的方式来否定朋霍费尔。在金生前,他见到他所参与斗争的果实,已经化为《民权法案》和《选举权法》,高悬于国家法律的枝头之上;在他身后,一样得到美国总统以至于全体人民一致的崇敬。在美国历史上,只有三个以个人纪念日为法定纪念日的例子,他是惟一的一位非总统而享此殊荣的人。朋霍费尔呢?他是由国家直接杀害的,而且是极其残忍的血腥的虐杀!</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">(<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">朋霍费尔是被他的国家判定为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">叛国者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">的。国家不是祖国。无须讳言,为了祖国,朋霍费尔确实背叛了他的国家。按照政治学家本尼迪克特</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">安德森的定义,一个国家远非只是一个政治实体,国家也是一种精神状态,是一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">想象的政治社会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">;它不仅具有地理的界限,同时也具有思想上的界限。著名的流亡者卢梭曾经写信给朋友说:组成祖国的不是城墙,不是人,而是法律、道德、习俗、政府、宪法和由这些事物决定的存在方式。祖国存在于国家与其民众的关系之中。当这些关系发生了变化或者没有了,祖国也就不再存在了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">……</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">让我们为我们的祖国哭泣吧,因为它已经死亡了,而仍然留下的类似物只能玷污它。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( h<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ttp://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">祖国与国家,对朋霍费尔来说是分裂的;而对金来说,则叠合到了一起。可是,他们身在不同的国家,却拥有同一个祖国。这个祖国,就是他们的信仰,背负的十字架。他们深信,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">上帝的启示是通过人也只是为了人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。人类之爱,使他们穿越种族、地区以至国家的背景,甚至宗教本身,而诉诸普遍的公正意识。他们勇于执行人的权利,不是在可能性中漂浮,而是体现在实际行动中,直至成为殉道者。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">响应神的召唤,为救赎而牺牲,这是作</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">门徒</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">的代价。</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">按照朋霍费尔在狱中对于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">行动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">的解释,其实这就叫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">http://www.tecn.cn )</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;——“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由,我们长期以来在戒律、行动和苦难中寻求你!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">” <o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">朋霍费尔和马丁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">路德</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">·</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">金,从不同的时代,不同的国度,不同的道路出发而终于走到了一起,那里是:爱、自由和死</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #f7f7f7; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">( http://www.tecn.cn )</SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2008.1.20 <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">(本文标题及小标题均为编者所加,南方周末)</SPAN></P>

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