杨宁 发表于 2020-6-19 05:49:25

李培林:现代性与中国经验

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"> 中国社会科学院社会学研究所研究员 博士生导师<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中国改革开放</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">逐步形成了“中国经验”。在“中国经验”的形成过程中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">就产生影响全局的重大理论来说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">主要有三个方面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">一是社会主义初级阶段理论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">二是社会主义市场经济理论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">三是社会主义和谐社会理论。这三大理论具有不同的特点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">但和谐社会理论的提出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">更多地凝聚了传统文化的精华和东方国家的智慧</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这是与其他两个理论不太相同的地方。当然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“中国经验”的概念不同于“中国模式”的概念</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">它是开放的和发展着的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">它不排斥其他国家的经验</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">也不追求普适价值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">但它会成为世界发展理念的重要组成部分。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“中国经验”包含着对三种现代性价值的实践探索和深刻反思</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这就是“市场经济”、“民主政治”和“公正社会”。“中国经验”对这三种基本价值的实践探索</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">实际上也是对这三种价值的重塑过程。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">围绕着“市场经济”、“民主政治”和“公正社会”这三种现代性价值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">产生了很多思想争论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">有些争论甚至是非常激烈的。比如市场经济是不是一种丛林法则</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">市场法则对政治生活、社会生活和文化生活的全面渗入产生了什么影响</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">? </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">比如一些国家和地区的“民主化”进程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">究竟给其人民的生活带来了什么</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">? </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">比如中国的收入差距不断扩大会对未来社会产生什么影响</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">? </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">等等。这种在利益关系和思想认识上的差异</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在改革开放初期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">表现为分化的态势</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">即围绕着利益得失和价值认同形成了两种或几种力量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">但发展到今天</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">则表现为更加多样化的态势</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这种多样化也可以称为“碎片化”。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这种所谓“碎片化”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">( fragmentation) ,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在中国表现为这样几个特征</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">第一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">社会流动很快</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">社会结构尚未定型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">很多情况下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">阶级阶层内部的差异大于阶级阶层之间的差异</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">第二</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">很多我们用客观标准界定的阶级阶层</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在社会态度和行为取向上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">并没有表现出显著的一致性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">第三</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">尽管各种社会问题在现象上表现为利益关系矛盾</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">但这些矛盾聚集的焦点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在深层次上反映了价值认识的差异和冲突。在利益关系和价值认同上产生这种“碎片化”的情况</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">可以说与“四个深刻”变化紧密联系。首先是“经济体制深刻变革”。经过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年的改革开放</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中国基本完成从计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制的转变</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">市场经济的深入发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为经济注入了强大的活力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">但体制创新和转变增长方式的任务更加繁重</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在能源、资源、环境和技术等方面形成的发展瓶颈日益突出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">实现可持续发展遇到的压力增大。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">其次是“社会结构深刻变动”。工业化、城市化的快速推进</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">推动着中国从传统的城乡二元结构向现代社会结构转变。这种社会结构转变的人口规模之大、速度之快和程度之深</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在世界现代化历史上是空前的。数以亿计的农民离开土地向非农产业的迅速转移</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">乡村人口向城市的大量集中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为中国的社会结构转型带来强大动力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">极大地改变了人们的生活方式、就业方式和整个社会的面貌。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">第三是“利益格局深刻调整”。改革本身就是利益格局的调整过程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">城乡、区域和不同社会成员之间出现收入差距不断扩大的情况。在全球化竞争背景下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中国不同产业的比较收益差距扩大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">非实体经济的飞速发展使财富积累速度加快</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">产业集群化的现象使投资向特定区域更加集中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">体力劳动的充分供给和竞争过度造成低位劳动工资水平停滞不前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">加之腐败和非法收益的存在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这些都成为导致收入差距进一步扩大的影响因素。这究竟是一个阶段性的突出问题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">还是一个可能的长期趋势</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">还需要认真研究。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">最后是“思想观念深刻变化”。随着市场经济、民主政治和公民观念的发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">人们的生活方式、就业选择、利益诉求、价值取向和思想观念等出现多样化趋势</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">不同区域之间、阶层之间、代际之间的认识差异明显增加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">形成社会共识和社会认同的难度加大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">不过一些国家政治内乱所造成的经济倒退、社会动荡、生活窘困的后果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">也使人们对“现代性”重新反思。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">另外</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">, 20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">90</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年代中后期以来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">与改革开放初期相比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中国的经济社会发展出现了一些新特点。利益关系和价值认同的多样化、碎片化态势</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">以及对“市场经济”、“民主政治”和“公正社会”等现代性的反思</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">也都与这些发展阶段的新特点紧密联系。这些新特点大概有以下几个方面。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">一是两个转变同步</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">结构转型反推体制转轨。中国的发展不同于其他国家的典型特点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">是两个转变的同步进行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">即在经济体制上从计划经济向社会主义市场经济转轨的同时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在社会结构上从农业的、乡村的、封闭的社会向工业的、城市的、开放的社会转型。改革开放初期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这种两个转变的同步进行</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">主要表现为经济体制改革推动社会结构转型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">并以社会结构转型的收益补偿体制转轨的成本。但目前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">先易后难的渐进式体制改革进入新阶段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">结构转型对体制转轨形成了倒逼反推机制</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">不仅要求改革更加注重利益协调和社会公正</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">而且要求改革从经济领域向社会领域全面扩展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">推进反思的改革本身也成为反思的对象</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">但停顿和倒退没有出路。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">二是三个阶段并存</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">发展问题产生时空压缩。在全球化的背景下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">国际上的中心半边缘边缘经济社会格局也影响到中国内陆的区域格局</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中国出现三个不同发展阶段的并存</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">即工业化初期的资本积累阶段、工业化中期的产业升级阶段和工业化后期的结构转型阶段并存。三个阶段的并存</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这是空间维度的压缩。与此同时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">还有时间维度的压缩</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中国用了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">年的时间</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">大约走完了发达国家上百年走过的路程。这种时空压缩的特点也带来了需要同时面对不同性质发展问题的现实</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">出现诸多的两难选择。比如中国既要发展劳动密集型企业</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">以便通过扩大就业来消化庞大的新增劳动力和农村转移劳动力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">也要加快技术创新和产品更新换代</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">以便通过增加产品附加值来消化不断增加的劳动力成本和减少贸易摩擦</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">还要不断加大保护环境和节约能源的力度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">以便能够实现可持续的发展。这种时空压缩实际表现在各个方面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">就像中国文坛中现实主义、批判现实主义和超现实主义的并存。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">三是两个焦点问题变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">收入分配过大和公共产品供给不足成为新焦点。从改革开放初期打破“大锅饭”和“平均主义”到现在的收入差距过大</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这是一个焦点问题的变化。收入差距扩大以难以控制的趋势发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">引发了人们对效率和公平关系的重新反思</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">我们不能走回头路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">因为那是条死路</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">但向前走向哪里必须要达成新的共识、作出新的抉择。从改革开放初期的商品短缺到现在的公共产品短缺</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这是另一个焦点问题的变化。随着商品领域从卖方市场到买方市场的变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">新的短缺不再仅存在于商品领域</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">而是发生在公共产品和公共服务领域</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">如教育、医疗、社会保障、环境保护、公共交通等等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这个变化引发对转变政府职能、打破垄断行为、建设社区和发展社会组织的广泛思考。四是三种机制形成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">协调三种机制成为社会治理的新课题。改革开放初期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">市场经济对于政府来说是一个陌生的事物</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在市场经济条件下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">政府应当做什么</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">怎样做</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">需要一个学习和适应的过程。在这个过程中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">政府这只看得见的手</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">逐步熟悉了市场这只看不见的手。但是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">随着市场经济的深入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">社会也发生了深刻变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">社会分化成不同的利益群体、不同的社会阶层和具有不同利益诉求的分散的个人。利益关系的协调成为一种新的社会运行机制</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">一种不同于政府机制和市场机制的新机制。如何处理好政府、市场、社会这三者之间的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">也需要一个新的学习和适应的过程。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中国发展中出现的新问题、新特点和新态势</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">对发展战略的选择和社会政策的制定提出了新的要求。构建社会主义和谐社会重大战略思想的提出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">正是依据这种新的现实需求和对过去的经验总结。和谐社会理论的内涵和思想体系现在已经比较系统化了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">当然其提出来的时间还不算长</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">还需要随着实践的检验不断丰富和完善。这一战略思想和理论体系带来了一系列的变化。比如发展理念的变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">人们更加审慎地思考发展的目的、发展的道路和发展的方式。在发展目的上更加注重富强、民主、文明、和谐等基本价值的融合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">更加注重生活质量的提高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在发展方式上更加注重科学发展、和谐发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在发展道路上更加明确了中国特色社会主义的方向。还比如发展的总体布局的变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">社会建设成为发展的重要一环</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">被放在更加突出的位置</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">改善民生成为当前社会建设的核心内容。再比如发展原则的变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">人们对一些重大均衡问题重新思考</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">包括效率和公平的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">生产和消费的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">增长和进步的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">活力和稳定的关系、分化和整合的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">等等。在目前迅速变化的中国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在社会建设和社会管理方面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">需要根据新的变化和新的问题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">加强和改善社会整合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">促进社会和谐和社会团结。这种社会整合包括社会关系、社会制度和社会价值三个层面的重新整合。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在社会关系的整合方面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">群体之间的利益关系特别需要整合和协调三种发生重大变化的新型社会关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">即贫富关系、劳资关系和干群关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">各种社会矛盾和社会冲突</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">甚至各种所谓“无直接利益群体性事件”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">往往是围绕着这三种社会关系展开的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">组织之间的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">要整合政府组织、企业组织和社会组织</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(NPO)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">之间的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">以及比如垄断组织和竞争性组织的关系、官方组织和民间组织的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">等等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">地域之间的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">要整合城乡之间的关系、地区之间的关系</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">以及表现为区域关系的宗教和民族关系等等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在社会制度的整合方面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">要注意两个大的变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">一个是社会管理的基础正在发生重大变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">即社会管理从过去以“单位”组织</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">机关、企业、事业、公社</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">为基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">转变为目前以“单位”和“社区”为基础</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">并逐步地向主要以“社区”为基础的方向发展</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">社区、社会组织等各种新型社会纽带</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">将成为处理国家、社会、个人三者之间关系的重要中介</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">另一个是社会管理方式的重大变化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">即从以身份、档案制度为特征的行政化管理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">向以公民制度为特征的社会化管理转变</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">这涉及到户籍、就业、社会保障、医疗、教育和住房等一系列社会体制的改革。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在社会价值的整合方面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">需要认识到的是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">价值整合是比利益整合更加长期的过程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">民主法制、公平正义、诚信友爱、和谐文明等等在中国将逐步成为具有社会认同的共同价值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中国特色社会主义核心价值的形成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">将吸收人类文明创造的一切优秀成果</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">也将重新构造普适价值的共识和内涵</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">从而为中国的长期稳定发展、也为和谐世界的构建</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: AdobeSongStd-Light; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">提供和平、和谐、合作发展的精神支撑。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: right" align=right><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(原载于《社会》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2008</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>

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