杨宁 发表于 2020-6-13 10:43:31

江登兴:基督教与自由在中国的相遇

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<P></P>&lt;<IMG alt="" src="images/smilies/titter.gif" border=0 smilieid="9"> class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=center&gt;<B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">江登兴:基督教与自由在中国的相遇</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1980</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代的启蒙之后,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代未自由主义在中国兴起,自由思想在中国得到广泛广播,并在近年进入实践。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">文革末期,中国教会在高压之下开始复兴,此复兴的中心是在农村,并且持续至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代。继而,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代至今,基督教在城市及知识分子当中开始传播。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">由是基督教与自由在中国相遇。在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代以后的启蒙话语中,基督教已经受到了一定的重视,进而在基督教与自由的关系在学理上受到广泛的关注和争论,其中有典型性的是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">基督教与宪政</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">这一话题。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">由于中国封闭的环境,本来中国的基督教一直属于边缘和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">地下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">状态。然而,在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2005</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年以来的一序列教会维权运动,使基督教进入中国公共空间。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">由此,基督教与自由的关系不仅具有了思想性的意义,更受到了实践性的关注。本文拟就基督教与自由在中国的相遇问题展开探讨。本文所指的基督教是指中国的基督新教,而尤指其坚持信仰对于政权独立立场的民间基督教,它一般被称为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">家庭教会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。本文所指的自由是一个宽广的概念,在人群上它不仅指自由主义者,而应当包括一般持独立的民间立场,热爱自由与正义之理念及实践的人士。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">一、中国的自由传统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、五四</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">中国现代之自由传统当推五四,五四倡扬</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">民主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">科学</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,然而五四却是否定信仰的,五四之后乃有中国知识界的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">反基督教运动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。当是时也,中国视野里的西方主要是欧陆的启蒙传统及世俗化实用主义之美国,而后乃有苏俄之共产主义。西方之深厚基督教传统尚未进入中国人的视野。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">然而,五四在实践上为中国人的自由事业开启了先河,为中国人的理性求真开创了传统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">80</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代的启蒙思潮</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年中共建政,历</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">余年之风雨,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1980</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代中国人重新反思新专制带给家国的摧残,于是知识界不约而同地回到对五四传统的非官方解读中,同时至力于吸收西方新的思想资源,这一个年代的关键词是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">民主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,重视个性解放及人性关怀。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1980</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代以顿锉告终,其伤痕至今未得抚慰。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">这一时期的思想还是承续和发扬五四的人本思潮。是世俗而浪漫的。然而,此一时期亦已</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">大地微微暖气吹</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,有少数学人已开始对基督教思想的研究和介绍工作。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代的自由传统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">经历约</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6-7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年的沉积,约在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1997</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年中国思想界迎来一个小阳春,不仅启蒙得以重提,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1998</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年自由主义学理亦浮出水面。自由主义主要是关怀世俗层面之福利最大化的学理,它不追求绝对真理;在方法论的层面以经验主义为基础,此一基础一反原中国共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">产运动的狂飙突进、浪漫高蹈,而坚持试错渐进,脚踏实地的作风;自由主义在经济上为市场经济和全球化辩护,而在政治上亦从坚持个体之绝对自由以反对中国深厚之专制传统,进而提出代议的制度安排主张。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">此一时期,以李慎之先生为代表,思想界亦对中国深远的专制传统进行了批判和剖析。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">此一时期有剧烈的自由主义与新左派之争。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">至关重要的一点是,自由主义用词之规范、逻辑之严谨及阐述问题时之清晰的边界,把规范的治学之风带入中国思想界。学界一反</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1980</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代文学化之高蹈浪漫作风,转理性与严谨。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">而自由主义亦倡导务实之实践,如朱学勤先生所谓要做一个</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">贴着地面行走的人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。学界所倡导的,其实是基督教会正在实践的。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由主义学理是中国思想界的一次重大转向,当年朱学勤先生分析巴黎</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">德国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">莫斯科</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">北京,这一主宰大陆大半个世纪的欧陆思想源流之场景至今仍清晰在目。而自由主义是思想界从大陆传统向英美海洋传统的一次重大转向。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">此转向只是世俗层面的转向,然而却无意中为思想界与英美世俗自由传统背后的那个信仰传统相遇创造了契机。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">我们后面将看到此一时期的自由言说在互联网上取得相当大的成功,而自由理想中的反专制、学术规范、务实主张都将成为基督徒知识分子可以借重的世俗思想资源。不过,就如摩西学了埃及人一切的世俗学问一样,这些东西使他得到基本技能的训练,但他的生命需要经历沙漠和旷野砥砺和更新。拥有世俗自由思想资源的基督徒知识分子,也将需要被基督完全更新。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、本世纪初年的宪政学理与维权运动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">进入</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">世纪初年,中国的自由思潮由自由主义进而过渡到宪政学说,其重点从经济自由移动到政治自由,亦有相应有政治制度及法制主张,是为自由理想在制度上的具体化。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">随后,乃有维权运动,这一运动是自由知识分子在完成思想启蒙、经济与政治制度设计后在实际中的行动。此运动从非常具体的案例入手,试图自下而上,渐进地推进中国的自由与正义。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">如果说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1980</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代的关键词是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">民主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">的话,那么</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代末到本世纪初是关键词是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,而近年的宪政学说及维权实践则加上了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">正义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">相信未来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">正义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">未来中国自由实践的双生子。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">民主</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”——“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”——“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">正义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,如是可以大致总结中国近一个世纪以来的自由传统及实践。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在维权运动的末期,围绕</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2005</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年一起关系信仰自由的重要案件,维权人士开始为信仰自由辩护,参与辩护过程中本身有基督徒,而此案之后,又更有参与辩护的人士成为基督徒。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">是为基督教与自由在实践上的相遇。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">不过我们要小心将基督教与世俗自由理想简单的嫁接。不论是在学理上将基督教与自由主义或者宪政简单嫁接,或者在实践上将基督教作为民间政治力量之一种的评估都是危险的。前者将导致基督教的属天性受到伤害,与及三一真神在救赎中的主权及尊荣被忽略。后者将可能使基督教在未来被带向政治化的危机。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">但是,认为基督教与自由毫不相干,则可能使基督教的社会及政治伦理层面被忽视,进而使基督教边缘化。这是中国传统基督徒及后现代英美思想所共同赞同的,于基督教是又一误区。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">坚持基督教与自由和正义的相关性,却不在此过程中使基督教被世俗化和政治化,并建立以十字架为根基,又有广泛社会关怀的宽广的神学视野,是未来中国教会要面对的一个挑战。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">二、中国的基督教传统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1807</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年的多样化传统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">一般而言,在大陆称为基督徒的都是有新教传统的基督教新教信徒,这里所说的基督教传统是特指中国的新教传统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2007</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年将是马礼逊来华</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">200</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年,也就是基督教新教入华</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">200</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">周年。我们可以发现,比中国世俗层面主动向西方学习的洋务运动早半个世纪以上,中国就已经在信仰层面与西方相遇了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">由于新教内部本身的多样性,中国基督教的源流亦非常丰富多彩。据老一辈传道人于力工先生分析,中国基督教大抵有弟兄会、内地会等三大传统,在传播过程中的代表人物有戴德生等人。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年后的独特传统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年中国大陆基督徒人数为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">70</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">万人,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1950</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代起中国教会遭遇前所未有的艰难,外界一度认为基督教已从中国大陆消失。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">然而,这一时期的艰难如熔炉烈火,极大地煅造了中国教会,并且催生出了崭新的传统。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1950</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代,在北京有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个传道人拒绝加入由新政权所扶持的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">三自会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">并先后失去自由,其中大部分被囚达二十年以上,一被囚达</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">21</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年零</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个月的长辈说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">我们当时到北大荒,就是准备到那里去殉道的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">” ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">这一时期有几个重要的场景值得历史记忆:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1950</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代中期,在北京,上述</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">人中,有两个被囚的先辈,在上厕所的中途相遇,一个用眼望望天,另一个也用眼望望天。他们这样互相勉励要仰望上帝。这两人中有一人是王明道。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">王明道在日占时期就曾拒绝加入日伪的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">华北中华基督教团</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,据说他背上被褥去见日本当局,说自己是准备坐牢来的。日本人佩服他的勇气,反而没有与他为难,准他坚持独立办教会。而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1950</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年后,面对前所未有的压力,他也曾软弱,承认自己犯了一大堆编造的罪名,并且答应与官方合作参与三自教会而得自由。但其后良心不安,于是重回监狱,忏悔之后推翻此前的所有善意谎言,决心将牢底坐穿或者殉道。他认为自己所受的苦是因为自己得罪了上帝,并引用圣经《弥迦书》说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">我要忍受耶和华的恼怒,因为我得罪了他。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">他如愿以偿得以坐了二十余年牢,并且越坐越充满喜乐!文革之后,当局要求王先生出狱,王先生要求除非官方给出长期囚禁自己的理由,否则拒绝出狱。监狱当局无奈,只好将老人骗出监狱大门并将大门反锁。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://w<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">看哪!这是中国基督徒光荣的传统,也是中国自由史上光荣的一页。如是,如果面对一场良心的拷问,我们可以回答,我们中国还是有人坚持了良知和独立。良心自由是一切自由的前提。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">此一艰难时期,政府扶持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">三自教会</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,而王明道等数位长辈坚持</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">教会是属天的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,不愿意参与这一运动。在以他们为代表所坚持的信仰自由,教会独立于世俗政权的立场上,之后产生了中国大陆的家庭教会。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">此一教会一直未进入公共视野,相信对于中国公权力机关及一般知识分子都显得神秘。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">其实,家庭教会传统可以用两点来概括:那就是信仰自由及纯正教义。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">前者为政教分离的立场、坚持信仰对于政权的完全独立;后者为持守以圣经为本的教义,一般所谓</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">基要主义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">(有人称为原教旨主义)尚不足以完全概括其特性。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、一个被遗忘的传统</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">然而,中国教会还有一个被遗忘的传统,那就是以孙中山、许春草、张圣才、林昭为代表的信仰追求与自由追求同步进行的传统。此传统在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年前当以许春草为典范,他在信仰的敬虔深度上可以位列历代最杰出圣徒之行列,而在为正义而抗争之实践上也可以成为中国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">世纪的典范。(参张圣才著《圣徒与战士</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">许春草传》,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">http://www.cclw.net/book/xuchuncao/</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">张圣才先生建国前是为一文化人而转为一流特工,建国后久在狱中,当时以对监狱管理人员</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">你有手枪吗?有手枪你毙了我!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">你关了我这么久,我更加信基督教了!你因为我信基督教要枪毙我,我很高兴!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">数语,及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">80</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代后的深深忏悔及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">87</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">高龄时对在对此前重大政治事件的抗议而奠定其信仰与为人典范。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">而相信林昭在狱中的归主,将成为新生代知识分子信仰基督教的一个前兆。林昭姊妹在给《人民日报》社的信中署下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">主历</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">二字可以成为惊天地的一笔,使她足以位列中国追求自由与坚持信仰最优势人士的行列。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">林昭在死时曾嘱故人:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">请将我今天的苦难,告诉未来的人们。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">此语划破东方古国之长夜,让后来者望见那黑暗牢房里被天光照亮的信仰者。当然,她也是一个自由知识分子。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">这个被忽略的第三个传统,其实刚好可以弥补中国基督徒半个世纪以来的社会及政治伦理缺失。这一社会及政治伦理是中国基督教</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年以来在罕见的逼迫中,因为不得不退守地下而暂时放弃的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">三、两个传统的相遇</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">很有趣的是,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年后自由的传播与信仰的传播形成奇异的同步共进的局面。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1980</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代有启蒙思潮,及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代末自由主义传播,在两思潮的传播过程中都有不少知识分子信了基督教。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、两传统的共性及冲突</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">共性:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">第一个共性是草根民间立场。基督教是紧贴着地面在民众中传播,而自由思潮也多是在体制外的知识分子中传播。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">第二是对专制的态度。自由理想追求经济自由与政治自由,而基督教一直反对政权对于信仰的插手,相比之下基督教的信仰自由诉求更低调,是为信仰领域里的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">消极自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">第三是文化源流。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1807</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,西方文化在中国</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">150</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年的传播,面对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年后的风雨,政治层面马克思思想占了绝对主流,此家独大,余者扫地以去。然而所留下的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">70</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">万基督徒,据长辈说成了绝对的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">余民</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,最少的时候恐怕如圣经所说的只剩下</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">七千人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">,然而这一微小火种最后却得以光大。从福音的真理性说,基督教是属天的,是超越文化的。但它也具体在文化源流中彰显自己,所以从文化源流上说,基督教是西方的,尤其是英美的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">80</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代,当基督教已经开始在农村大复兴时,城市知识分子正在进行思想启蒙,通过对于西方文化制度渊源的探寻,最后纷纷对于基督教传统产生极大的兴趣,导致他们在文化价值取向上对于基督教的认同,进而进入信仰的关注与寻求。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">冲突:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">冲突之一是文化性的冲突,基督教是从西方传入,而有洋教色彩。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">二是,一般而言,在中国学人的视野里,理性与信仰是冲突的,或者说学术是理性的,而信仰是非理性的。这个思想有两个来源,前者是启蒙思潮,后者是后现代。在理性上,对于基督教教义的质疑应当是目前自由知识分子信仰基督教的障碍之一。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、冲突的解决</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">洋教问题的解决:中国传统上对于基督教有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">洋教</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">的看法。这一点在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1949</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年后反而得到了很好的解决,其代价就是西方传教士的被扫地出门,和一大批的本土传道人为了信仰所付出的代价,殉道或者长时间囚禁。这使基督教一脱原来外来洋教的色彩而成为本土受苦民众的信仰,一脱原来倚靠外国权力与金钱的色彩而有受苦与面对专制不屈服的色彩。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">理性障碍的解决希望</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">这一冲突在中国是剧烈的,但解决之天机却已现出端倪,那就是中国自由理想与教会神学取向的同步上溯:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">自由取向的历史上溯:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">如果说</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1980</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代更多是文艺复兴与启蒙运动的,是欧陆的。那么经历</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代末自由知识分子却有了的历史性转向:从大陆取向转向海洋性取向,从欧陆转向英美后。其代表就是自由主义诸位学人如朱学勤先生、徐友渔先生几位。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">与启蒙及后现代思潮不同的是,对于英美现代文明奠基时代的宗教改革理想而言,基督教信仰与理性不仅不是冲突的,而且是一致的,理性应当为对上帝的信仰所用,信仰应当引导理性,并且二者又有清楚的边界划分。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">中国教会神学取向的历史上溯:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1990</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年代以来,随着新生代知识分子在教会中的兴起及海外牧者的传扬,基督教的加尔文主义神学(改革宗神学)普遍受到新一代传道人的重视,新生代知识分子亦乐于接受此神学传统。而此神学传统是与英美自由历史紧密相连的。许多历史学家认为,是加尔文神学开出了英美的自由宪政。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">正如美国著名历史学家班克罗夫特说的:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">加尔文是美国之父</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">当霍布斯与洛克开始世俗化自由主义政治学说构建前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">余年,清教徒温思罗普已在北美构建源于圣约宪政的政府制度。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">而且,当启蒙思潮及世俗自由主义冲击欧陆信仰根基时,美国却因为远离欧洲,远离人本自由理想,而相对独立地在美国坚持其基督教敬虔与社会自由完美结合的清纯。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">法国启蒙运动打倒一切信仰,随后巴黎血光冲天,而美国却以立法确定公众禁食祷告日,华盛顿则跪在行军帐篷里泪流满面地祈祷。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">前者是人本反叛的自由,后者是以上帝为本的敬虔之自由。但是后者的勇气与力量丝毫不逊于前者。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在这一双向上溯过程里,新生代基督徒知识分子将会惊讶地发现,他们寻求世俗自由的历程与他们信仰寻求的旅程奇异地重叠,并且绽放出异彩。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">而新生代知识分子的神学研究能力将为中国教会的神学建设做出极大的贡献,而中国基督教即将得到英美新教丰厚传统的滋养。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在此相遇中,也将是英美自由理想有可能与中国的土地相遇。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">不过需要提出的一点是,基督教对人的生命的改变,不止是知识性的改变。塑造生命的不止是一场思想运动,或者一场神学运动,哪怕是改革宗的加尔文主义神学运动。上帝对于人的生命的改变是需要经历理性认识的过程,然而被理性的认识真理被更深地雕刻入人的生命,需要圣灵细致而持久的工作。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">今日之中国,对于英美敬虔年代的神学,从思潮上关怀者有,耐心精研者少。而能够在个人生活及家庭公众生活中活出来的更是微乎其微。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn ) <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">英美敬虔年代的自由理想,其实建奠于圣经,再加上常识的运用。他们的世俗自由理想都是由深刻的圣经教义的基础上开掘出来的。今天,我们需要关怀自由,更需要关怀他背后深刻的属灵根基。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、知性与信仰合一的崭新希望</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">从知性与信仰的关系而言,在现代科学兴起及英美自由奠基时代,基督教信仰与知性在当时的知识与社会精英身上是完美结合的。随后在现代理性主义及进化论无神论、泛神论思想等的冲击下,是一结合分裂。美国之基督教信仰得以保留至今,恐怕不是因为其在主流精英中的世界观强势,而是靠文化传统。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">但是,在中国随后新生代基督徒知识分子的加入,基督教与知性经历</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">19</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">世纪的分裂后,有可能产生又一次的结合。是一结合可能产生怎样的冲击,绽放出何等的异彩我们尚不得而知。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> ( http://www.tecn.cn )<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">我看他却不在现时,我望他却不在近日。有星要出于雅各,有杖要兴于以色列。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">(《圣经》民数记</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">17</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2006</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月,修改于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">转自天益网</SPAN></P>

[ 本帖最后由 曹志 于 2007-6-1 13:47 编辑 ]

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查看完整版本: 江登兴:基督教与自由在中国的相遇