曹志:宗教出版自由与“非法经营罪” 的前世今生
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宗教出版自由与“非法经营罪”</SPAN></B><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn1" name=_ednref1><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></B></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B></SPAN></A><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">一、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">问题的提出</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国大陆的“非法经营罪”,近年在教案中被频繁使用,以认定宗教信徒私自编印、无偿发放大量教义书籍的行为构成犯罪,判处有期徒刑并罚金的刑罚。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn2" name=_ednref2><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自费印刷、无偿发放教义书籍的宗教信徒,为什么屡被定“非法经营罪”而判刑?这是促动本文研究的起点式问题。所以,第二部分首先探求“非法出版活动”为什么被“法”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">纳为威慑、防范和惩治的对象。由于发现“行政权力-行政‘法’”在国家强制行为体系内起中枢作用,本文不得不在第三部分检索</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">50</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年来国家如何凭借行政法规和文件建构出版审查机制的历史。对出版的行政管制若要彻底实现其强制效力,在现代法制背景下,司法审判必须为这种管制“保驾护航”。因此本文第四部分集中分析司法解释将</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“非法出版活动”纳入“非法经营罪”的内在机理,并凸显背后对其支配的政制惯例。第五部分则从两个案例出发,探讨</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个问题:从对“非法经营行为”类“非法经营罪”的指控到认定,公安局启动刑事侦查、检察院提起公诉尤其是法院刑事审判的逻辑如何展开?这种司法现象寄居的刑事司法结构体现一种怎样的犯罪控制理念?该罪背后的犯罪控制场域与政治权力运行惯例是一种什么样的关系?本文力争通过对上述问题的思考,归纳权力结构中“宗教出版自由”的品质。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、非法出版活动被定“罪”的立法逻辑</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(一)从“反投机倒把”到“打非”的开始</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在中华人民共和国建立后至其第一部刑法制定前(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1949</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1979</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年),“投机”行为最早于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1950</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年就被作为取缔和处罚的对象。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn3" name=_ednref3><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">政府界定并控制经营范围、方式、渠道、场所乃至物价,违者即视为“投机”行为。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn4" name=_ednref4><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1963</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年“五反”运动中,“投机倒把”跃为全国范围的重点打击对象;</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn5" name=_ednref5><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">并被明确定义:“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">以<SPAN style="COLOR: red">牟取暴利为目的</SPAN>,套取国家或集体的物资,进行倒买倒卖,长途贩运,组织地下企业(地下厂、店、工程队等<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>,以及从事其他<U><SPAN style="COLOR: red">非法</SPAN></U>商业活动等行为。”</SPAN><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> <A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn6" name=_ednref6><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“非法”一词首次用于界定“投机倒把”</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,由于没有相关法律,所以其实质是“违反计划经济秩序”。中共中央及监委涉及“投机倒把”的文件,首创<U>以数额高低为根据的不同轻重情节</U>,对“投机倒把”行为主体设计党纪、行政和刑事处分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种处罚措施;其中<U>最高刑罚为死刑,决定程序</U>为“法院-中共中央政法小组-中共中央”,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">尽管<U>当时刑法并不存在</U></B>。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn7" name=_ednref7><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">非法商业活动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自结束“文革”并召开十一届三中全会后,执政党—政府开始以“经济建设”为中心,兼抓社会主义精神文明;同时注意镇压“反革命”等犯罪活动。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn8" name=_ednref8><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于国家计划经济为主,个体经济为辅,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn9" name=_ednref9><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">行政调拨机制和价格决定资源分配市场并存,导致“权力寻租”和“低价买入、高价卖出”自由贸易盛行;执政党-政府开始全面打击经济犯罪。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn10" name=_ednref10><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“投机倒把罪”忝列其中。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">虽然</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1979</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年刑法已将规避计划秩序的“倒卖”等行为,纳入</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“投机倒把罪”,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn11" name=_ednref11><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但刑罚“最高才”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年以上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年以下有期徒刑。因此,全国人大常委会通过修改刑法加重刑罚,严惩投机倒把等经济犯罪。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn12" name=_ednref12><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最高法院最高检察院(以下简称“两高”)亦按执政党中共中央文件精神,将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种行为(不包括“非法出版”)定性为“投机倒把”,并解释“情节严重”是指“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">以非法经营的数额或非法获利的数额较大为起点,并结合考虑其他严重情节”。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn13" name=_ednref13><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在坚持中共一党领导的同时要求“解放思想,实事求是”,在计划经济秩序内有限承认个人经营自由,于现实中必然导致管制与自由的冲突。这种表达自由与思想控制、经济自由与计划管制的双重冲突,恰恰在出版领域同时集中并显,结果体现为“非法出版活动”的出现和“打非”的必要。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn14" name=_ednref14><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate Year="1987" Month="7" Day="6" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on">1987<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>年</SPAN></SPAN>7<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>月</SPAN></SPAN>6<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>日</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,国务院下达《关于严厉打击非法出版活动的通知》</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn15" name=_ednref15><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:再次禁止个人和未被国家许可出版的单位出版书刊和音像;非出版单位编印内部资料,必须经主管单位批准并由出版管理机关批准发给准印证。即公民不享有出版权;若不享有出版资格或未履行审批程序而从事出版,就是非法出版活动;具备印刷资格者不得承印(装订)非法出版物;具备发行资格者不得销售非法出版物。要求对非法出版活动进行行政处罚或刑事处罚,尽管当时未制定《行政处罚法》且刑法并未将“非法出版行为”纳入惩治对象。这标志着大陆中央政府全面打击非法出版活动的开始。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(二)以“投机倒把罪”响应“打非”的法院“判例”</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国务院发布《打非》通知</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个月后,天津法院审结第一例因非法出版活动而判处投机倒把罪的“<SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">李建安、张永冬、王会利、王庆海投机倒把案”。</SPAN></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn16" name=_ednref16><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该案案情如下:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">李建安与张永冬商议:选编</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“案例”成书,印刷、出售之以牟利。王庆海、王会利明知印刷品是非法出版物,但为牟利,与李、张二人商定:由李提供书稿,两王负责印刷、装订,每册印刷费0</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">11元。随后,李从各种刊物上选择凶杀、强奸、乱伦等内容的案例,标上</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“打斗、色情”标题,编成6册,以《发人深省的案例》为刊名,并伪造编辑单位——案例报道编辑部,用非法的“桂刊登记证第104号”,交由两王印刷。两王先印刷该书</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">63</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万多册,获利近万元;李、张售书</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">52</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万多册,获利逾</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万元;后两王又印刷</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">38</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万册,与前批所印的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万多册,都被公安机关查获销毁。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该案一审判处四人犯“投机倒把罪”,经二审维持原判,被最高法审判委员会视为经典案例。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn17" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn17" name=_ednref17><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这个“准判例”的“作者”天津中院在一审中认为:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我国有关行政管理法规明确规定,出版、制作、发行各种出版物,都由国家统一管理;未经国家有关部门批准,任何单位和个人都不得擅自出版、制作、发行出版物。李建安、张永冬未经国家主管部门批准,以营利为目的,违反工商行政管理法规,大量制作、销售充满凶杀、强奸、乱伦内容的非法出版物,侵犯了国家对工商业(包括出版、印刷业)的管理活动,严重扰乱了图书市场;王会利、王庆海明知李建安、张永冬出版非法刊物,为了牟利,大量为其承印。上列被告人的行为,均构成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><A href="http://www.e-law.cn/100/41393.html##"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>刑法</SPAN></SPAN></A><A href="http://www.e-law.cn/100/41393.html##"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>第一百一十七条</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">规定的投机倒把罪。”</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn18" name=_ednref18><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二审法院天津高院同样认定:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“上诉人张永冬和一审被告人李建安、王会利、王庆海以营利为目的,出版、印刷、销售非法刊物,牟取暴利,数额巨大,情节严重,其行为均已构成投机倒把罪。”</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn19" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn19" name=_ednref19><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原审法院是如何论证被告行为构成“投机倒把罪”的呢?从其三段论的逻辑推演观察——</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大前提应为:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">1979</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年刑法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">章“破坏社会主义经济秩序罪”<SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">第</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">违反金融、外汇、金银、工商管理法规,投机倒把,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,可以并处、单处罚金或者没收财产”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">小前提是被告行为的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个特征:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、未经国家主管部门批准,违反工商行政管理法规;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、以营利为目的,制作、销售充满凶杀、强奸、乱伦内容的非法出版物;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、侵犯国家对工商业(包括出版、印刷业)的管理活动,严重扰乱图书市场;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、数量大。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">结论是被告构成投机倒把罪。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">然而,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">上述文字显示的论证逻辑,并不能推定被告的“非法出版行为”是“投机倒把”。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该案出版物不属“淫书”,不能以第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">170</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“以营利为目的,制作、贩卖淫书、淫画的,处</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制,可以并处罚金”为大前提。一审法院面临的挑战是:出版“内容不健康报刊”的<SPAN style="COLOR: black">行为</SPAN></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn20" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn20" name=_ednref20><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,并未被</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">刑法作为预防和惩治的对象。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1979</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">刑法与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1985</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年“两高”《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">关于当前办理经济犯罪案件中具体应用法律的若干问题的解答(试行)》都未将“非法出版”定性为“投机倒把”。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所以,即使不受</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“罪刑法定”原则的约制,原审法院亦必须“找法”与“解法”将被告定罪以“突破”困境。正是在这个意义上,该案可谓构成“判例”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">那么,原审法院如何摆脱这个困境的?该判例是如何成立的呢?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">必须指出,该案一审法官首先受制于该案发生时大陆的政治经济秩序品性。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">80</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">90</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年代的大陆,计划经济主导,市场经济努力争取其合法地位并扩大活动范围。市场经济最终被确立,是大陆公民以自由经营行为不断突破、抗争与执政党-政府发觉市场经济有助于提高</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">GDP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、维持统治之间的“妥协”。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn21" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn21" name=_ednref21><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之前的“社会主义经济秩序”即计划经济秩序:物资统一生产、统一销售、统一调配和统一划拨;资源分配方式和流向,由享有行政计划权的机关审批或核准来决定,排斥和禁止自由经营。因此,在这种秩序内“投机倒把行为”实质乃是未经行政机关许可或批准,脱离行政管制秩序的自由经营。“非法出版”中的“法”,即计划经济秩序—行政管制权。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第二,法院尽管是司法审判机构,但在中国大陆的政制结构中,从政策制定→执行的等级地位和先后顺序来看,却处于执政党→政府(→人大)→司法(检察院-法院)这个链环的末端。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年,执政党中共中央和国务院就出版活动管理事项先后发出通知;尤其是后者提出以刑法刑罚“非法出版”并“借‘案’发挥”的要求。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn22" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn22" name=_ednref22><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种思路实际认为此乃司法机构职责所在。从这个角度而言,该案的出现和判决对最高法正是“雪中送炭”,实解刑罚“打非”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">却<SPAN style="COLOR: black">于</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">法无据的“燃眉之急”。正因为如此,该案</SPAN><st1:chsdate Year="2008" Month="9" Day="23" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">23</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二审终审,翌日就被新华社播报,第三天最高法负责人公开表示肯定,新闻出版署将其作为表明出版工作“有法可依”的标志性案例而“欢呼雀跃”。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn23" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn23" name=_ednref23><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其实,在一审判决书中另一个大前提被“光冕堂皇”地表述,只因其不入“罪行法定”原则的逻辑,故隐而难察。可将判决理由分</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">步以解析:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 59.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; tab-stops: list 59.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1979</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年刑法</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">违反金融、外汇、金银、<U>工商管理法规</U>,投机倒把,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,可以并处、单处罚金或者没收财产。”</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn24" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn24" name=_ednref24><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 59.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; tab-stops: list 59.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我国<U>有关行政管理法规</U>明确规定,出版、制作、发行各种出版物,都由国家统一管理;未经国家有关部门批准,任何单位和个人都不得擅自出版、制作、发行出版物。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 59.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; tab-stops: list 59.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">李建安、张永冬未经国家主管部门批准,以营利为目的,违反<U>工商行政管理法规</U>,大量制作、销售充满凶杀、强奸、乱伦内容的非法出版物,侵犯了国家对工商业(包括出版、印刷业)的管理活动,严重扰乱了图书市场;王会利、王庆海明知李建安、张永冬出版非法刊物,为了牟利,大量为其承印。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 59.25pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; tab-stops: list 59.25pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上列被告人的行为,均构成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://www.e-law.cn/100/41393.html##"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>刑法</SPAN></SPAN></A><A href="http://www.e-law.cn/100/41393.html##"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>第一百一十七条</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">规定的投机倒把罪。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 35.25pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从中可以看出,若将第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">步作为上承第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条下接被告“犯罪特征”的“大前提”,该论证勉强“成立”:在计划经济秩序中,违反行政管理法规、未经批准,是定性“投机倒把”的前提和该行为的核心。这是第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条制定的背景和表述的逻辑,但它仅仅列出金融、外汇、金银和工商</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种管理法规;而且</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">1985</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年“两高”的司法解释亦未将“非法出版”纳入“投机倒把”之列。该判决恰恰根据第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“违反工商管理法规”这一形式要件,利用被告被控出版行为的“营利性”与工商管理所保护的市场秩序之间的形式关联,通过“统一管理”和“批准程序”的表述,扩张解释,将“出版行政管理法规”纳入。“工商管理法规”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和“出版管理法规”各为其主,前者保护市场秩序,后者维护意识形态秩序。法官不是不知,其扩张解释的“合理”性乃基于:不得脱离出版管制秩序而自由经营。在计划经济秩序内,禁止自由经营,接受管制属“明知”范畴;规避该管制,足以构成“破坏社会主义经济秩序”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的“故意”。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尽管“牟利”早已隐含于“投机倒把”定义中,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">1985</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年“两高”司法解释却都未将“牟利”作为“投机倒把罪”的主观要件,因为“不经许可-脱离管制-违反国家规定”的危害性是如此之大,以至于不得不作为一个犯罪构成要件而被首当其冲地表述。该案被告的“营利”动机和经营行为,与“投机倒把”行为动机和方式的相同,被该论证逻辑所利用,“非法出版行为”成为“投机倒把”自是水到渠成。因此,该案判决的逻辑,惩治经济犯罪的同时却能达管制意识形态之效;在这个意义上,该案构成判例。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">何种行为具有社会危害性,且该社会危害性达到必须被刑法规范以刑罚惩治的程度,乃与政治共同体每个公民生死攸关,当由公民从各自的立场出发经由争议而达成共识。立法就属于这种争议的过程,从独立立场走向联结共识——政治权力由此而生。就刑事审判而言,被告受指控行为是否构成犯罪,并是否必须施以刑罚乃至处以何种刑罚,对当事人、辩护人、公诉人、法官和案件发生社区具有当下利益、潜在价值和未来规则的影响;因此,一项判决须立基于不同利益、立场和观点的相关者参与争议。审判亦以争议为基础,法官引导争议程序;判决以法律为根据,法官条分缕析各派论点,以从对立立场走向立法共识——司法权由此而生。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在本案中,“非法出版”既未被刑法亦未被“两高”司法解释定性为“投机倒把”。暂且不论大陆人大代议的充分性,就罪刑无法定而言,审判失去法律根据,即没有公民信服的政治权力根基。判决逻辑亦是单向扩大解释:将出版行政管理法规添入第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条所禁止违反的法规之列;将出版管制秩序纳入刑法所保护的“经济秩序”之列;仅因经营或获利数额的区别,“非法出版”就从出版行政管制对象成为刑罚对象;而“违反管理秩序”自始至终是其一脉相承的逻辑。这里司法判决扩大解释的逻辑,被其目的决定:司法配合行政管理,即司法作为行政管理目标的手段(俗称“保驾护航”),因此,判决思维表现出行政支配的逻辑。这种使用刑罚国家强制力的逻辑,既无立法在先限制,亦无内在司法节制,又缺事后违宪诉讼,使得司法权被行政所支配。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">于是,国务院的行政法规暗渡陈仓,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成为实质意义上的“刑法”,将政府希望管制的行为定为“犯罪”,从而达到其有效管制的目的。这不仅仅体现出一种公民缺席忽视公民权的审判过程,更折射整个政制结构中法院职能的定位:作为司法审判机构的法院,将实现国务院任务毫不犹豫地视为己任,法官将政府法规的地位效力顺其自然地看成“法律”,通过审判予以配合。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">借标志性案例撑腰,国务院</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《投机倒把行政处罚暂行条例》<SPAN style="COLOR: black">在</SPAN>该案一审判决后的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天出台:从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个方面界定“投机倒把行为”:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、以牟取非法利润为目的;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、违反国家法规和政策;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、扰乱社会主义经济秩序;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、属于列举的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种行为表现或其它扰乱社会主义经济秩序的行为。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn25" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn25" name=_ednref25><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这与“李建安案”一审判决对被告行为特征的描述极其一致。“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">印制、销售、传播非法出版物,获得非法利润”行为,与“倒卖国家禁止或限制自由买卖的物资、物品”、“倒卖批件、许可证、执照”、“利用经济合同骗买骗卖”及“垄断</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">货源、欺行霸市、哄抬物价、扰乱市场”等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种行为,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">相提并列为“投机倒把行为”。“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其它扰乱社会主义经济秩序的投机倒把行为”概括条款,则赋予行政机关以自由裁量权,以<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">类推</B>判断何种行为属投机倒把行为。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn26" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn26" name=_ednref26><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">暂行<SPAN style="COLOR: black">条例》及</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black">1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年颁布的实施细则,从程序和内容上将“非法出版物”,界定为无出版许可资格者印制发行物,或出版许可机关认定的出版物;</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn27" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn27" name=_ednref27><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实质由出版管理机关通过出版许可权,单向决定何为“非法出版物”和“非法出版活动”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为配合国务院</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,对以刑罚惩戒情节恶劣的非法出版活动提供依据,同年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月底,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“两高”联合发布通知</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn28" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn28" name=_ednref28><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将“非法出版物”内容分为两个层次:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、严重危害市场秩序;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、内容腐朽、严重危害身心健康;将两种行为界定成“投机倒把罪”:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">以牟取暴利为目的,从事非法出版物的出版、印刷、发行、销售活动,非法经营或者非法获利的数额较大,情节严重的行为;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、以营利为目的,从事淫书淫画、淫秽音像的出版、印刷、发行、销售活动,非法经营或者非法获利的数额巨大或情节严重的行为。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这两种犯罪行为都以“牟利”目的为要件。至此,“非法出版活动”被定“罪”的司法依据,首次出现。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从国务院《打非通知》——“李建安案”——《投机倒把行政处罚暂行条例》出台——“两高”《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">关于依法严惩非法出版犯罪活动的通知》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,地方法院对中央政府政策以案配合,在判决中将行政法规作为实质的判决根据;最高司法机构则将该“判例”作为“司法解释”的内容,为以刑法来刑罚“非法出版活动”制造“法律根据”。于是,在司法配合行政的政制惯例中,宪法上的出版自由权,(即使可能与经营无关,)是否存在及效力范围,实质由行政机关制定的行政法规和行政审批权决定,不仅丧失寻求司法救济之可能,而且反被法院以司法审判方式所剥夺或限制。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三、行政许可权如何侵蚀出版自由</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出版、印刷、发行全面许可制的建立,始于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1952</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn29" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn29" name=_ednref29><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1954</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年,对私营出版业、印刷业和发行业“社会主义改造”的完成,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn30" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn30" name=_ednref30><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将出版、印刷和发行纳入计划经济系统,个人不能从事出版、印刷和发行。自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1980</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年,中央政府屡屡对出版实施整顿加强管理,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn31" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn31" name=_ednref31><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">已对出版、印刷、发行各环节全面建立行政许可制度和处罚制度。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn32" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn32" name=_ednref32><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">出版活动实际更有效地被出版许可所管制和支配。从此,公民实践出版自由的空间,被从上自下等级式的行政许可令所压缩殆尽。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从内容上对“非法出版物”分类:危害国家安全损害国家利益类、宗教类、民族团结类、淫秽色情暴力类、封建迷信类、。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn33" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn33" name=_ednref33><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">根据类别对<SPAN style="COLOR: black">非法出版行为处罚</SPAN>:违反《出版管理条例》未经批准擅自出版的出版物、伪造、假冒出版单位或者报纸、期刊名称出版的出版物、擅自印刷或者复制的境外出版物、非法进口的出版物。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn34" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn34" name=_ednref34><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从对协作出版对象、出版书籍类别、审编程序、发行权和协作出版收入归向的限定上,缩小协作出版范围。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn35" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn35" name=_ednref35><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">违反协作出版范围而出版的书籍,视同买卖书号;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">购买书号出版的图书,属非法出版物。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn36" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn36" name=_ednref36><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">禁止购买书号、刊号和版号,否则按“非法出版活动”而取缔。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn37" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn37" name=_ednref37><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black">出版单位实行发排新书报告制、三审制和专题报批制、缴送样书制。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn38" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn38" name=_ednref38><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>对进口出版物实施出版物进口专营制和审查制。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn39" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn39" name=_ednref39><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>建立</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">音像和电子出版物复制许可证及委托书制度、激光数码储存片来源识别码标示制和出版物批发审批进场制度,违规则视为“非法出版活动”。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn40" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn40" name=_ednref40><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">对</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“非法出版物”采行政鉴定制。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn41" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn41" name=_ednref41><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">实行书刊定点印刷制:即按发行范围以审批方式确定全国和省级印刷企业,凭证委印;跨地印刷,须两地出版局批准。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn42" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn42" name=_ednref42><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black">把印刷业作为“特种行业”由公安部门管理,<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn43" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn43" name=_ednref43><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>同时实行印刷许可、特种行业许可和营业许可三层审批。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn44" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn44" name=_ednref44><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black">建立地方政府出版局负责制和公安、工商局联合监督制。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn45" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn45" name=_ednref45><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>要求印刷企业建立承印验证、登记制。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn46" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn46" name=_ednref46><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">发行权仅限于新华书店和国有出版单位;生产</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">、发行、销售等各环节,全面实行许可证制、许可证年度核检登记制、市场动态报告制。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn47" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn47" name=_ednref47><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">对内部出版物,最初建立省级新闻出版局登记-审批制,颁发“准印证”,以向新闻出版署备案为前置程序;实施年度审读和定期核验制,并限定内部报刊主办资格。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn48" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn48" name=_ednref48><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>后借助清理改为双轨管理制:或公开出版;或仅内部出版,但须省级出版局颁发《准印证》。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn49" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn49" name=_ednref49><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US>2001</SPAN>年新《印刷管理条例》和<SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN>年《宗教事务条例》一唱一和:<SPAN style="COLOR: black">就内部出版物而言,宗教类必须省级宗教局批准-省级出版局核发“准印证”双重审批手续;而其他类只需省级出版局核发“准印证”。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn50" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn50" name=_ednref50><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>地方政府或修订或新定《宗教事务条例》以跟随。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn51" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn51" name=_ednref51><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>宗教出版物印刷要求省级政府部门双重批准的规定,源自<SPAN lang=EN-US>1988</SPAN>年国务院宗教局和公安部的联合通知<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn52" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn52" name=_ednref52><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>,并与《关于承接“圣经”印件的管理规定》同出一脉。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn53" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn53" name=_ednref53><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>而“省级部门(双重)批准”的程序设计,出于对特殊管制对象,审批级别越高政策执行力度越强的心理预期。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn54" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn54" name=_ednref54><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>这种程序法上的区别对待,未说明亦不具备任何合理理由;违背宪法平等对待原则,同时侵犯公民的平等权、信仰自由权和出版自由权。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">四、从“投机倒把罪”到“非法经营罪”的“进步”?</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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<P class=MsoFootnoteText><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1988</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法修正案第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条承认“私营经济”、</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn55" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn55" name=_ednref55><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1993</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法修正案第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条公认“市场经济”,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn56" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn56" name=_ednref56><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年“社会主义市场经济”条款荣升入宪法序言而与“民主”、“法制”并列,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn57" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn57" name=_ednref57><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不仅标志中国大陆市场经济体制改革的变化,而且表明公民自由经营范围得以扩大。由此</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“倒卖”行为或消失或合法化。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn58" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn58" name=_ednref58><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">它在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年大修刑法中的体现,就是“投机倒把罪”被弃,转由“非法经营罪”替代:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoFootnoteText><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">违反国家规定,有下列非法经营行为之一,扰乱市场秩序,情节严重的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处或者单处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金;情节特别严重的,处五年以上有期徒刑,并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚金或者没收财产:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> (一)未经许可经营法律、行政法规规定的专营、专卖物品或者其他限制买卖的物品的;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> (二)买卖进出口许可证、进出口原产地证明以及其他法律、行政法规规定的经营许可证或者批准文件的;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> (三)未经国家有关主管部门批准,非法经营证券、期货或者保险业务的;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥"> (四)其他严重扰乱市场秩序的非法经营行为。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">尽管</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">97</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">修订刑法废除</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">79</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">刑法的“类推制度”,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn59" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn59" name=_ednref59><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但界定该罪的第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">225</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条存在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">类隐性启动</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“类推制度”的模糊用语或款项:“违反国家规定”、“情节严重”或“情节特别严重”和“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">其他严重扰乱市场秩序的非法经营行为”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>97</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">刑法中“非法经营罪”,以“违反国家规定”为前提,最初仅分两种行为类型,并根据“情节严重”与“情节特别严重”而处以轻重不同刑罚。后全国人大常委会立法将“情节严重的非法买卖外汇”行为纳入。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn60" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn60" name=_ednref60><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">由于第(四)项“其他”条款的存在,最高法或最高检通过司法解释先后将非法出版活动、擅自经营国际或港澳台电信业务和非法经营食盐等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">种行为列为“非法经营罪”的行为类型。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn61" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn61" name=_ednref61><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在司法解释中“非法经营罪”行为类型得以扩张,“违反国家规定”、“情节严重”和“其它严重扰乱市场秩序的非法经营行为”居功至伟。这</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">个用语或款项的模糊性,被司法解释的类推法所利用:“违反国家规定”中的“国家规定”,基本属行政立法,如出版条例、电信条例或禁止传销条例。“情节严重”,则是为对中央政府行政政策所要求严厉打击的行为,施以刑罚而制造合法性的“犯罪构成要件”;该要件本应通过对犯罪主体、客体、客观方面或主观方面综合判断,却在司法解释中被经营数量或受罚次数所界定。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn62" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn62" name=_ednref62><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">“情节严重”内涵的单一性,实质是对管制秩序冲击性强弱的界定。这种对社会危害性在形式上的单一界定,不仅遮盖了对行为危害有无进行综合判断的可能,而且堵塞了争辩违反行政立法的行为实质是否自由的机会。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">“量多即犯罪”的逻辑,就易被限制公民自由的行政立法利用,以借刑事审判来剥夺公民争取自由的最后机会。而“其它严重扰乱市场秩序的非法经营行为”则能将任何国务院旨在重点打击的规避行政许可秩序的经营行为纳入。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">“投机倒把罪-非法经营罪”行为类型的司法解释史,不仅清晰显明地阐述了“类推”立法的司法逻辑,而且凸显出其由何生因何生的制度结构——</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年国务院发布《关于严厉打击非法出版活动的通知》,同年两高公布《<SPAN style="COLOR: black">关于依法严惩非法出版犯罪活动的通知》:将“情节严重”的“非法出版物的出版、印刷、发行和销售”行为列为“投机倒把罪”。</SPAN></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn63" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn63" name=_ednref63><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">在与新闻署、公安部、广电部和国家工商局就“依法查处非法出版犯罪活动”召开座谈会后,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1988</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年两高将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">部委制定的该会议纪要下发各地法院以作为审判参考:明确要求界定出版物合法与否以行政许可为依据。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn64" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn64" name=_ednref64><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">执政党-政府因</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">89</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">风波重新整顿清理出版市场。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn65" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn65" name=_ednref65><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">两高便于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年先后与中央部委联合下发打击非法出版的通知。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn66" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn66" name=_ednref66><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年,几乎每年执政党-政府专门就出版管理下达通知。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn67" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn67" name=_ednref67><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">而最高法为督促各级法院打击非法出版犯罪,并符合</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">将“投机倒把罪”改为“非法经营罪”的刑法修订,在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年年初和年底分别发布通知和</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《关于审理非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn68" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn68" name=_ednref68><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">该解释不仅按照“非法出版物”内容不同而分别定以“煽动分裂国家罪”或“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”、“侵犯著作权罪”、“销售侵权复制品罪”、“侮辱罪”或“诽谤罪”、“出版歧视、侮辱少数民族作品罪”、“制作、复制、出版、贩卖、传播淫秽物品牟利罪”、“传播淫秽物品罪”和“非法经营罪”;</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn69" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn69" name=_ednref69><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">而且将违反“出版许可”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">、“印刷许可”与“发行许可”的不同行为,都纳入“非法经营罪”,前者与后者仅仅存在以数量区分的“情节严重”与“情节特别严重”之犯罪构成要件的区别。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn70" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn70" name=_ednref70><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">“非法”定语对“出版物”和“出版、印刷、发行、销售”活动设置的界限,实质是任何出版活动只要脱离行政许可秩序,就存在被定罪的“机遇”。这种以保护著作权、维护公序良俗为名,而旨在实现出版管制目的的“障眼法”式立法,掩盖了该司法解释在“打非”名义下限制出版自由的真正动机。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">大陆政府对“传销”和“非典”事件的处理方式,亦沿袭这套立法驱动惯例。最高法在</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《关于情节严重的传销或者变相传销行为如何定性问题的批复》中就无所顾忌地直接指出:“对于1998年4月18日国务院《关于禁止传销经营活动的通知》发布以后,仍然从事传销或者变相传销活动,扰乱市场秩序,情节严重的,应当依照刑法第二百二十五条第(四)项的规定,以非法经营罪定罪处罚。”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而对“非典”爆发时垄断货源、哄抬物价的现象,行政法规《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">2003</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日出台:对该行为安排行政罚和“刑罚”两种惩治措施。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn71" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn71" name=_ednref71><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种“立法”逻辑表面看似乎刑法已有对该行为的罪刑规定,实际是暗示性要求这种行为危害性如此之大,以至于司法机构必须配合——不仅应在幕后提供定罪依据,而且须到台前以审判-刑罚参与执法。因此,仅隔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天“两高”司法解释就火速出台:</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn72" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn72" name=_ednref72><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该解释将“情节严重的哄抬物价”行为定为“非法经营罪”。与“禁止传销”不同的是,“哄抬物价”前世就被装进“投机倒把罪”口袋。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn73" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn73" name=_ednref73><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">97</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年修订刑法“投机倒把罪”被“非法经营罪”取代后,尽管第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">225</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条存在兜底条款,但其列举条款和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">2003</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年前的司法解释毕竟未明确将“哄抬物价”纳入“非法经营罪”行为类型。因此,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年后,“哄抬物价”重返“刑法”再遭刑罚,实拜行政立法驱动司法解释这种政制惯例所赐。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处于国家强制力金字塔最高端的刑罚,乃是现代文明社会剥夺公民人身自由和生命的唯一正当的暴力手段。这种有期限甚至永久剥夺人身自由且威慑人心的暴力,能最有效达到迫使公民不再从事其被指控行为的目的;同时其正当性亦可让指控者-刑罚者即政府,不仅拥有法律依据,而且能够向局外人掩盖真正动机并杜绝讨论的可能。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">案例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">1<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,北京家庭教会牧师蔡卓华被北京海淀公安分局<U>国保大队</U>秘密拘传;当天,该局查抄并扣押其担任经理、其妻子肖云飞担任法人代表的麦子文化公司的电脑主机等物品,及</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">北京五环吉顺通公司南3A仓库内</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蔡卓华等私自编印、存放</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ZH-CN">的51种基督教书刊237776册;上述书刊被北京市出版局鉴定为“非法出版物”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,蔡卓华、肖云飞、肖高文涉嫌非法经营罪、胡锦云涉嫌窝藏赃物罪被逮捕。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,该局将此案移送审查。海淀区法院于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,作出一审判决:认为蔡卓华编印书籍的行为属于出版程序性违法故采信市出版局的鉴定结论;且非法经营罪不要求以营利为目的,蔡对本人行为的违法性和社会危害性明知;而涉案“非法出版物”数量已达到最高法《关于非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“情节特别严重”的标准;所以,蔡卓华、肖云飞、肖高文非法出版、印刷、复制行为严重扰乱市场秩序,情节特别严重,已构成非法经营罪,分别判处有期徒刑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年、罚金</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万;有期徒刑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个月、罚金</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万;有期徒刑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年、罚金</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万。因加刑的威胁,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人均未提起上诉。(对胡锦云的判决及其理由略)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">案例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">2<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>2006</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年,安徽淮南家庭教会牧师王在庆(残疾人士)在山东临沐与吴清淮(无印刷许可证)签订协议:王提供样本并支付</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万元定金,要求吴分两批印刷《火柱》一书</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千套(每套</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本)、《为什么信耶稣》一书</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万本及单张宣传单</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万张。同年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月,王在临沐将第一批书籍发往全国各地(包括其住处淮南)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,吴将第二批书籍从临沐发给王。当晚</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">点,淮南市公安局田家庵分局<U>国保大队</U>以涉嫌“非法私自编印、散发基督教宣传品”传唤王在庆。从当天到翌日,国保大队先后搜查王住处</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">次,扣押书籍</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">16276</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">本和宣传单</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">5000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">张。上述资料经该<U>市新闻出版局</U>鉴定全部是非法出版物。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,该局以“涉嫌非法经营罪”为由将王刑事拘留。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">26</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,该局以“涉嫌非法经营罪”为由将王逮捕,并移送检察院审查起诉。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月初,田家庵区检察院以“事实不清、证据不足”为由将该案案卷退回该局。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,该检察院对王提起公诉。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,田家庵区法院认为王在庆非出版单位且未向省级政府新闻出版局申请,印刷行为属出版程序性违法,所以本市新闻出版局鉴定涉案书籍属于非法出版物;“非法经营罪”主观方面不要求行为人以营利为目的,而王在非法印刷活动中对其行为违法性和社会危害性明知,且涉案书籍数量已达到最高法《关于非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“情节特别严重”的标准;其行为严重扰乱市场秩序,“显已构成非法经营罪”。故判处有期徒刑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年,并处罚金</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">万元。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为什么蔡案和王案都由公安局国保大队侦查办理?作为公安局下属机构的国家安全保卫大队,专职</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">负责侦破“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”等危害国家安全的案件、查处邪教组织、非法宗教活动、负责出入境管理,协助和参与重大涉外事件的查处等工作。宗教组织,尤其是基督教家庭教会,在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1989</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年事件尤其是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年“法轮功”事件后,被执政党-政府认为具有在和平演变背景下威胁国家安全的性质,并作出“依法管理”的策略。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn74" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn74" name=_ednref74><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">因为,不愿接受政府控制的宗教(活动),对单一支配型意识形态的冲击,在执政党对政府和社会支配关系固定不变的大陆,实际是对执政党统治秩序的冲击。所以,本应由经济犯罪侦查大队侦查的“非法经营罪”,一旦牵涉宗教,却由国家安全保卫大队主办。正因为如此,“依法管理”的策略在具体个案上,体现为对教会人士:以“扰乱公共秩序”为由施以罚款或拘留的行政处罚;以涉嫌“颠覆国家政权罪”或“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”施以劳动教养。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn75" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn75" name=_ednref75><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">于是,宗教(活动)所冲击的意识形态,表面上被冠以名义上的“法”乃至各种罪名构成要件中的客体即“公共秩序”。这就是为什么在教案中教徒被定罪,限制或剥夺宗教信仰自由的实质却被掩盖。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在上述两案中,尽管判决法院一南一北,判决理由却是出奇一致,甚至遣词造句的格式基本相同:非法经营罪不以营利为主观要件;被告未向省级新闻出版局申请,(编)印书籍的行为属出版程序性违法,对行为违法性和社会危害性明知,且书籍已被出版局鉴定为“非法出版物”,数量已达到最高法《关于审理非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">(30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条“情节特别严重”的标准,故构成非法经营罪。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年刑法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">225</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条与最高法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">号解释,是判处两案被告构成“非法经营罪”的大前提:即违反国家规定,非法从事出版物的出版、印刷、复制和发行业务,严重扰乱市场秩序,情节特别严重。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">“国家规定”是一个不确定用语,虽可指法律,但亦包括行政法规、行政规章,更隐含了支配公权力机关及其官员惯性思维和行动的政治文件和行政内部文件。就两案而言,被告违反了至少</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">项“规定”:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">国务院宗教事务局 公安部关于制止和处理利用基督教进行非法违法活动的通知》(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1988</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>日,<SPAN lang=EN-US>88</SPAN>宗发字第<SPAN lang=EN-US>385</SPAN>号)、</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">《印刷管理条例》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2001</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条、国务院《宗教事务条例》第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条、北京市或安徽省《宗教事务条例》等。印发宗教内部出版物,须经省级新闻出版局批准,就是以上述“规定”为依据。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">已如前证,“非法出版物”,以是否申请行政许可批准为程序标准,以是否服从意识形态支配为最终的内容标准。实务操作中“言论自由亦当受限制”法理的潜在影响,更因为便于公诉方承担举证责任,最高法从出版物内容上着眼设计符合“罪行法定”的规则,为顺利惩治非法出版活动清理路障。这就是第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">号解释尤其是第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条应运而生的缘由。而仔细分析该解释第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条“煽动分裂国家罪或煽动颠覆国家政权罪”条款和第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条对非法出版物内容进行兜底而惩治非法出版活动的“非法经营罪”条款,这种国家对言论的限制首先不是公民及其代表辩论产生的共识,其次无从经过违宪审查以判断其正当性,最后却神不知鬼不觉僭越“法律”的地位,为公诉方指控出版者提供模糊的“证据棒”,指导法官将被告定罪量刑,支配当事人在“法制”的名义下认罪伏法。这种设计上偏向国家公权力的条款,对成功地检控定罪,照顾得可谓“体贴入微”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">已如前述,频频要求“打非”的政治文件和行政文件,将“非法出版物”分为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">类:政治类、民族类、暴力色情类、侵犯著作权类和宗教类。虽然,大陆出版行政许可制度已控制国内宗教书籍内容的出版;尽管第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">号解释第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条将前</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">类纳入;但由于对宗教类<U>内部</U>出版物一般无法公然冠上“严重危害社会秩序和扰乱市场秩序”的可能,或对此难以举证证明,如何以刑罚预防并控制这种出版活动?既不能明说管制宗教内部出版,又要为管制宗教出版提供“法律”依据——这类现实需要对最高法提出了“造法”的“挑战”!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">正因为这样,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条对“出版物”语焉不详;正因为这样,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条对“营利目的”只字不提;</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn76" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn76" name=_ednref76><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">正因为这样,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条不是从内容下手,而是从程序入手。一言以蔽之,与第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条相比,它转向禁止未经出版、印刷等行政许可的行为,其构成犯罪无须举证证明出版物内容如何。正因为这样,与第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条要求“情节严重”不同,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条以“情节特别严重”为要件:在第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条中,“反意识形态支配”只要“情节严重”就构成犯罪;而在第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条,“脱离出版许可管制”需要“情节特别严重”才构成犯罪;</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn77" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn77" name=_ednref77><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">这亦反映出在犯罪控制理念上,意识形态支配的优先地位。第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条是非法出版物内容的兜底条款,而第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条则是非法出版行为程序的兜底条款。从预防和惩治未经许可的出版行为而言,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条更兜底更有效,因为不论出版物内容如何;而从预防和惩治反意识形态支配的出版物而言,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条更兜底更有效,因为即使出版行为曾经获得“失职”的许可。这种立法技术可谓“法网恢恢,疏而不漏”!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">所以,海淀区法院和田家庵区法院皆引用第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">号司法解释第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条作为定罪根据;所以,南北法官不约而同指出“非法经营罪”不以“营利”为主观要件;所以,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年两个判决书皆表述“被告未经省级出版机关批准而(编)印书籍,故对其<U>行为</U>违法性和社会危害性是明知的”这个因果逻辑关系;并“大言不惭”借行政鉴定程序证明“内部资料性出版物”为“非法出版物”。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn78" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn78" name=_ednref78><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">于是,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年刑法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">225</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条中的兜底条款、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">号司法解释第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条、行政出版许可程序和行政鉴定程序及其结论——国家支配型公权力一环套一环联手将“冒‘出版许可令’之大不讳”的出版者“绳之以法”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">该司法解释第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条以“非法经营罪”惩治的非法出版行为,背后是一种刑罚——意识形态支配的犯罪控制理念。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">六、结论</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">政制运作的机理及其操盘手的心理,在历史惯例的轨道上被意识形态控制。基于保证计划垄断权以支配物质流动而设计的“投机倒把罪”,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>50</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年后,改头换面为保证特许经营垄断权以控制经营自由的“非法经营罪”。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“维护市场垄断权”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">目的在“投机倒把罪”-“非法经营罪”中一脉相承,然而,“保证意识形态垄断权”的用意,悄悄隐藏在“维护市场秩序”的荫影里。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">政治类和宗教类出版物,最可能对大陆宪法序言独尊的意识形态形成冲击。前者如果否定现存政治权力结构,“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”就可绳之以法。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn79" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn79" name=_ednref79><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">后者抵触无神论,而且未经控制的大量出版,作为宗教信徒和组织发展的催化剂,触中国政治之大忌。因此刑事罪名的设计势在必行。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法将“宗教信仰自由”单列一款,仅保护“正常的宗教活动”;</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn80" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn80" name=_ednref80><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“正常”与否,恰恰视宗教组织在“顺我”与“逆我”之间摆向何方。因为宪法序言声张的意识形态支配,宪法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">36</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“宗教信仰自由”只能被狭义解释:即公民只有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“信”的自由,并不包括公民“建立教会”(以下简称“立教”)和“传教”的自由。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn81" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn81" name=_ednref81><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于信仰自由以“传教”和“立教”为核心,出版又是“传教”和“立教”的必用手段,并因为在这种前提下的信仰自由对公共空间和政治权力的作用,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn82" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn82" name=_ednref82><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">使得在家庭教会复兴和东欧剧变背景下,必须对宗教出版进行预防和惩治,以与“登记”等“法制”措施相配合,全面防止家庭教会发展,冲击统治秩序。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn83" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn83" name=_ednref83><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对于大陆家庭教会内部出版物而言,因其非盈利性,控制市场出售出版物的行政许可机制有心无力;因其健康性,以宗教出版行为为刑罚对象的“组织、利用邪教组织破坏法律实施罪”难以下手。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn84" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn84" name=_ednref84><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">于是,按照执政党文件精神,以行政内部文件、行政法规为基础,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn85" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn85" name=_ednref85><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">司法解释为先锋,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn86" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn86" name=_ednref86><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">家庭教会<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">大量</B>印刷并<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">无偿</B>发放出版物的行为,终于纳入恢恢法网,利用“罪刑法定原则”的脆弱和模糊,成为刑罚的对象。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正如执政党文件-行政“法”体系,限定了宗教信仰自由的定义和空间,执政党文件-行政“法”(包括内部文件和行政行为)-(以司法解释为依据的)法院审判体系,创设了不仅限定出版自由而且预防和惩治自由出版行为的机制。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn87" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn87" name=_ednref87><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">值得再次指出的是,党政文件经常出现的“情节严重的,依刑法追究刑事责任”句式,是理解为什么以及如何以“投机倒把罪”-“非法经营罪”来预防和惩治自由出版行为的钥匙。这个句式背后的意识形态支配要求及其蕴涵的管制逻辑,就是如今“非法经营罪”以经营或营利数量来界定“情节严重”构成要件内容的“幕后黑手”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“非法经营罪”的立法逻辑和蔡卓华、王在庆两案,着实是解释宪法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">135</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“公检法分工合作”关系的最佳注脚。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn88" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn88" name=_ednref88><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">更是对宪法序言“意识形态”条款的微妙体现和彻底执行。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn89" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn89" name=_ednref89><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">市场经济、民主和法制,都必须是“社会主义”式的,不仅表明它们作为一种场域必须受到意识形态的支配,而且设定了上述场域“自由”空间的界限。作为“非法经营罪”客观要件之一的出版行为,恰恰属于市场经济、民主和法制三大场域的交集。保证市场秩序,尤其是国家特许经营垄断权的许可,成为意识形态许可的伪装。为限制特定言论提供正当性的“公共利益”,为限制民主提供合法理由。维护公共秩序而不得以施用的行政罚和刑罚,尤其是“情节严重”的犯罪构成要件,为威吓、预防和禁止冲击意识形态支配秩序的出版行为,制造和供应了最具强制力的法制工具。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就大量印刷并无偿发放出版物是否构成犯罪而言,非法经营罪构成要件和检控方举证责任的重心,是未经法定的行政许可程序。未申请-未经许可,即非法出版。许可禁令及背后赋予其强制力的行政处罚和刑罚,对出版自由构成一种强制干涉。这种“自由的行使不得干涉国家-社会-他人”的干涉逻辑,体现于宪法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">51</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn90" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn90" name=_ednref90><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和刑法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn91" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn91" name=_ednref91><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这种逻辑下的自由,以个人为载体,却限于疆域主权性的国家,以共同体秩序的维持为前提。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种自由被视作利益(公益-私益)衡量的结果,“公益”(“公序”),决定个人自由有无及其程度。“公益”(“公序”)在<SPAN style="COLOR: red">制度上转换</SPAN>为“法”-行政行为。“法”对个人行为的干涉,究竟是对自由的支配还是促进,关键在于“法”产生的程序及其<SPAN style="COLOR: red">内容和</SPAN>品质。<SPAN style="COLOR: red">因为“法”要作出区分;区分的原因在于对基本权利保护</SPAN>的<SPAN style="COLOR: red">偏向</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: red"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宪法上的“出版自由”和“宗教信仰自由”,是否被行政许可干涉,取决于其是否干涉国家意识形态(公序)。出版行为,若未经许可(违反国家规定),即视为干涉意识形态(扰乱市场秩序);未经许可的出版数量多少,是衡量冲击危害意识形态秩序轻重的标准,被表述成“情节严重”要件。因此,行政许可,作为保证宪法<SPAN style="COLOR: red">独</SPAN>一意识形态的制度设置,不仅是启动禁止(非法出版)-行政处罚-“非法经营罪”刑罚的强制体系的枢纽,而且登堂入室成为“非法经营罪”的首要犯罪构成要件。行政许可身兼二职,意在使行政权的强制效力最大化——即能将被管制行为定罪刑罚。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在国家强制体系中,根据“非法”出版数量决定是否刑罚及刑罚轻重,最典型地反映出“法”在“维护意识形态秩序-出版自由”间权衡得失和成本计算的逻辑,和“法律限制而非创设自由”的实质。这种法律观,认为公民服从是因恐惧法律的强制而不是信任法律的公正。这种法律下的自由,不是政治共同体的最高价值,而是被意识形态(“公序”)所界定。意识形态的制订和解释者-执政党,即国家最高权力机关:将强制权垄断,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“公益(公序)-意识形态”描绘成唯一的强制理由,服从“公益(公序)-意识形态”是自由的充要条件。这种将“自由视为强制之阙如”的逻辑,声张“无干涉的自由”,排除正当干涉;却同时因着强制现实需要,制造干涉的唯一原因,即“公益(公序)”及其唯一解释者-国家。这种思路拒绝公民不同利益观点基于协商-包容-回应形成法律的民主程序,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn92" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_edn92" name=_ednref92><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">却由垄断所有暴力手段的单一社会集团,以单一的意识形态界定“公益”(公序),在行政等级型权力架构中,以行政命令方式形成“法”。这种“法”定的干涉其实是对自由的支配,即奴役。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<DIV id=edn1 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref1" name=_edn1><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">深深感谢论文写作期间对我调研和思考给予莫大帮助的朋友。不过,论文观点由本人负责。初稿原载《中国法律与宗教观察》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第一期)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn2 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref2" name=_edn2><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> 2005</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">11</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,北京蔡卓华牧师、肖高文和肖云飞被海淀区法院审定犯“非法经营罪”,判有期徒刑并处罚金。见《北京市海淀区人民法院刑事判决书》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2005</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)海法刑初字第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1722</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,转引自《中国法律与宗教观察》,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">6</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月,对华援助协会季刊,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">61</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">68</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">页。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">9</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,安徽王在庆牧师被淮南市田家庵区法院审定犯“非法经营罪”,判有期徒刑并处罚金。见《安徽省淮南市田家庵区人民法院刑事判决书》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)田刑初字第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">206</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号。另</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2005</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月,北京市通州区法院一审认定佛教徒雷大勇印刷并免费赠送佛经的行为构成“非法经营罪”,判处其有期徒刑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月二审维持原判。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn3 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref3" name=_edn3><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《中央人民政府贸易部关于取缔投机商业的几项指示》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1950</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn4 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref4" name=_edn4><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见前引文件。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn5 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref5" name=_edn5><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《中共中央关于厉行增产节约和反对贪污盗窃、反对投机倒把、反对铺张浪费、反对分散主义、反对官僚主义运动的指示》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1963</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn6 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref6" name=_edn6><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见中央监委《关于“五反”运动中对贪污盗窃、投机倒把问题的处理意见的报告》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1963</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn7 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref7" name=_edn7><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'; mso-hansi-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'">见《中共中央批转最高人民法院党组</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'; mso-hansi-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'">关于处理</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">“</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'; mso-hansi-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'">五反</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">”</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'; mso-hansi-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'">案件的报告</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'; mso-hansi-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'">(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">1963</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'; mso-hansi-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'">-</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">5</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'; mso-hansi-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'">-</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">15</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class=px71><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'; mso-hansi-font-family: '‹; TEXT-DECORATION: none'">)。</SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn8 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref8" name=_edn8><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)序言:“今后国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设……逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化”。第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“国家加强社会主义精神文明建设”条款和第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“国家维护社会秩序”条款。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn9 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref9" name=_edn9><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条和第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn10 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref10" name=_edn10><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1982</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">13</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日,《中共中央、国务院关于打击经济领域中严重犯罪活动的决定》公布。《决定》指出:经济领域的各种犯罪活动,远比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1952</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年“三反”时严重。打击经济领域的严重犯罪活动,进行反对腐化变质的斗争,关系到社会主义现代化建设的成败,关系到我党和国家的盛衰兴亡,这场斗争必然是长期的、持久的。坚持党的对外实行开放和对内搞活经济的政策,同坚决打击经济领域中的严重犯罪活动是并行不悖的。根据《决定》精神,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">31</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日,万里在中纪委召开的中央党政军机关负责干部会议上讲话,要求各单位把打击经济领域中严重犯罪活动的斗争认真开展起来。中纪委派出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">154</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">名司局级以上干部分赴各地,充实、加强办案力量,直接参与大案要案的调查处理工作。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">24</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日,中共中央召开全国政法工作会议。会议强调,新时期政法工作的主要任务是健全社会主义民主和法制,加强人民民主专政,保卫和促进以经济建设为中心的社会主义现代化建设。为此,要围绕经济建设这个中心任务,从实际出发,加速制定一些新的法规,并在总结实践经验的基础上,对现行法律适时进行必要的修改和补充。彭真在会上作总结讲话时指出:当前政法工作的突出任务是要坚决打击各种经济犯罪活动。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn11 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref11" name=_edn11><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1979</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年刑法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>119</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">违反金融、外汇、金银、工商管理法规,投机倒把,情节严重的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,可以并处、单处罚金或者没收财产。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn12 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref12" name=_edn12><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严惩严重破坏经济的罪犯的决定》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日公布。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日实行)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn13 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref13" name=_edn13><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">最高人民法院最高人民检察院关于当前办理经济犯罪案件中具体应用法律的若干问题的解答(试行)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">* </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1985</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">)》该解释将“倒卖国家禁止自由买卖的物资、倒卖金银、文物、外汇和哄抬物价、扰乱市场、牟取暴利等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">种行为”,列为“投机倒把”;但没有“非法出版”一项,</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn14 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref14" name=_edn14><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在《国务院批转国家出版局等单位关于制止滥编滥印书刊和加强出版管理工作的报告》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1980</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">06</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">22</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)中,中央政府第一次明确提出:非出版单位一律不准自编自印图书出售。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">《中共中央、国务院关于加强出版工作的决定》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">1983</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">06</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">06</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">中央【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1983</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">】,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">号<SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">)</SPAN>要求“保证出版工作的社会主义性质和方向”,开始从思想、人事和业务上全面控制编辑、印刷和发行。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">29</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,中共中央发出《关于坚决妥善地做好报纸刊物整顿工作的通知》。该通知旨在反资产阶级自由化,着重整顿在宣扬资产阶级自由化观点中错误突出、后果严重的报刊;同时要继续查处严重违反党中央和国务院有关办报办刊规定的报刊。《国家出版局、国家工商行政管理局、公安部关于严厉打击非法出版活动紧急的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1986</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">03</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">04</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">颁布并实施),是“非法出版活动”在标题中出现的第一份文件。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn15 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref15" name=_edn15><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《关于严厉打击非法出版活动的通知》(国发【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>65</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,颁布日期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19870776</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,实施日期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19870776</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn16 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref16" name=_edn16><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">该案于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">日一审审结,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">23</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">日二审终审维持原判。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《中华人民共和国最高人民法院公报</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期》,亦载自周佩荣编:《</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A href="http://www.fl365.com/gb/book/search/more.asp?id=352"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>最高人民法院公报、典型案例全集</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">(1985.1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>-</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">1999.2)</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">》,警官教育出版社</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年版</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn17 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn17" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref17" name=_edn17><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">该案的地位和指导作用,从其被列入</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《中华人民共和国最高人民法院公报</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期》和</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">周佩荣所编的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><A href="http://www.fl365.com/gb/book/search/more.asp?id=352"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>最高人民法院公报、典型案例全集</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">(1985.1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>-</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">1999.2)</SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">》可见一般。而且国务院新闻出版署将其作为出版工作走向“有法可依”的标志性案件。见</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">《</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新闻出版署关于贯彻国务院《投机倒把行政处罚暂行条例》和最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于依法严惩非法出版犯罪活动的通知》的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,现已废止)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn18 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref18" name=_edn18><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同前注。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn19 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn19" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref19" name=_edn19><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同前注。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn20 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn20" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref20" name=_edn20><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“内容不健康报刊”一词源自执政党-政府文件,意指宣扬“<SPAN style="COLOR: black">打斗、色情、凶杀和封建迷信”等内容的出版物,旋被“非法出版物”一词取代,后成为“非法出版物”中的一类;</SPAN>注意下述文件并未将“淫书、淫画”随意扩大解释以包括“内容不健康”的出版物。见《中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅转发中央宣传部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关于整顿内容不健康报刊的请示</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1985</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>06</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>06</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。《公安部关于编印刑事案例必须注意的几个问题的通知》(【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>85</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】公研字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>149</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1985</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>08</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>23</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">颁布并实施)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn21 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn21" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref21" name=_edn21><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">继</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条开始承认“个体经济”后,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1988</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法修正案第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条承认私营经济,直至</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1993</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法修正案第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条将宪法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1 5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条<SPAN style="COLOR: black">“国家在社会主义公有制基础上实行计划经济。国家通过计划经济的综合平衡和市场调节的辅助作用,保证国民经济按比例地协调发展。”“禁止任何组织或者个人扰乱社会经济秩序,破坏国家经济计划”,</SPAN>修改为“国家实行社会主义市场经济。”“国家加强经济立法,完善宏观调控。”“国家依法禁止任何组织或者个人扰乱社会经济秩序。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn22 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn22" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref22" name=_edn22><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“八、当前要抓住一两个重大典型案件尽快查清,依法处理,并运用报纸、广播、电视加以宣传,以推动全国的查处工作。”见《关于严厉打击非法出版活动的通知》,同前注。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn23 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn23" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref23" name=_edn23><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">最高法负责人的公开谈话登载在同年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">9</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">25</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">日的《人民日报》上。另见</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">《</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新闻出版署关于贯彻国务院《投机倒把行政处罚暂行条例》和最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于依法严惩非法出版犯罪活动的通知》的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,现已废止)。这种情形实有法院“造案”献媚之嫌疑,但没有足够证据证实。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn24 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn24" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref24" name=_edn24><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">一审法院以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">79</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年刑法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">118</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">条“走私、投机倒把为常业的,走私、投机倒把数额巨大的或者走私、投机倒把集团的首要分子,处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑,可以并处没收财产。”对具有“加重情节”的李建安和张永冬量刑。但仅从定罪的逻辑推理上而言,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">117</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">条为大前提。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn25 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn25" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref25" name=_edn25><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见国务院《投机倒把行政处罚暂行条例》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">款:“以牟取非法利润为目的,违反国家法规和政策,扰乱社会主义经济秩序的下列行为,属于投机倒把行为:(一)倒卖国家禁止或者限制自由买卖的物资、物品的;(二)从零售商店或者其他渠道套购紧俏商品,就地加价倒卖的;(三)倒卖国家计划供应物资票证,倒卖发票、批件、许可证、执照、提货凭证、有价证券的;(四)倒卖文物、金银(包括金银制品)、外汇的;(五)倒卖经济合同,利用经济合同或者其他手段骗买骗卖的;(六)制造、推销冒牌商品、假商品、劣质商品,坑害消费者,或者掺杂使假、偷工减料情节严重的;(七)印制、销售、传播非法出版物(包括录音录像制品),获得非法利润的;(八)为投机倒把活动提供货源、支票、现金、银行帐户以及其他方便条件,或者代出证明、发票,代订合同的;(九)利用报销凭证弄虚作假,进行不正当经营的;(十)垄断货源、欺行霸市、哄抬物价、扰乱市场的;(十一)其他扰乱社会主义经济秩序的投机倒把行为。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn26 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn26" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref26" name=_edn26><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同前注。第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">款:“前款第(十一)项行为,由省级以上工商行政管理机关根据国家法规和政策认定。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn27 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn27" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref27" name=_edn27><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《投机倒把行政处罚暂行条例施行细则》(国务院批准日</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,国家工商行政管理局第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号令发布日</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">):</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">第<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>条将“非法出版物”定义为“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">未经国家批准的单位和个人印制发行的图书、报刊、录音录像制品,以及经国家批准的出版单位和印刷</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> ( </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">装订</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> ) </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">厂委印、承印、翻录的属于新闻出版署、广播电影电视部公布的非法出版物目录所列的出版物”。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn28 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn28" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref28" name=_edn28><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">《最高人民法院最高人民检察院关于依法严惩非法出版犯罪活动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1987</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">11</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">27</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">)(法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">(</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">研</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">)</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">发【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1987</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">33</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">号)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn29 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn29" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref29" name=_edn29><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《管理书刊出版业印刷业发行业暂行条例》,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1952</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日政务院发布。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn30 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn30" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref30" name=_edn30><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“<SPAN lang=EN-US>1954</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>日,政务院第208次政务会议批准出版总署《关于<SPAN lang=EN-US>1953</SPAN>年出版工作和<SPAN lang=EN-US>1954</SPAN>年方针任务的报告》;<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>14</SPAN>日中央宣传部批转出版总署《关于改造私营图书发行业的报告》<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN>日,出版总署发布《对于私营图书发行业进行社会主义改造的方针、步骤、办法和1<SPAN lang=EN-US>954</SPAN>年工作要点》”。参任不寐著:《“新中国”新闻管制五十年》,载<SPAN lang=EN-US>chinesepen.org.</SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn31 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn31" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref31" name=_edn31><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">《国务院批转国家出版局等单位关于制止滥编滥印书刊和加强出版管理工作的报告》(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1980</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>06</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>22</SPAN>):</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《文化部、国家工商行政管理局、公安部关于加强报刊出版发行管理工作的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">85</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">工商</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1985</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">02</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">颁布并实施)。《国家出版局、国家工商行政管理局、公安部关于严厉打击非法出版活动紧急的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1986</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">03</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">04</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">颁布并实施)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn32 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn32" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref32" name=_edn32><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">同时上述文件开始要求建立印刷三层审批制和印刷承印验证制。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn33 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn33" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref33" name=_edn33><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“即使国家批准的出版单位出版的具有淫秽、反动内容的出版物,也应视为非法出版物。”见</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《最高人民法院</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最高人民检察院关于摘要转发《依法查处非法出版犯罪活动工作座谈会纪要》的通知》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">,(1988</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">, </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">研</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发〔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1988</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">〕</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基督教的经典、书刊,由基督教团体按国家出版法规的规定,</SPAN><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">经省以上人民政府主管部门批准</SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,印刷、出版和发行。其他组织和个人不得私自编印、经售、散发基督教的经典、书刊和宣传品</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。”见</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">国务院宗教事务局 公安部关于制止和处理利用基督教进行非法违法活动的通知》(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1988</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>日,<SPAN lang=EN-US>88</SPAN>宗发字第<SPAN lang=EN-US>385</SPAN>号)。<SPAN style="COLOR: black; LETTER-SPACING: 1.2pt">《关于整顿、清理书报刊和音像市场严厉打击犯罪活动的通知》(中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅<SPAN lang=EN-US>1989</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN>日发)。《关于部分应取缔出版物认定标准的暂行规定》(新闻出版署<SPAN lang=EN-US>1989</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>日发)。“</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">二、不准出版违反国家法律法规,泄露国家机密,危害国家安全,损害国家利益,违背党和国家民族宗教政策、破坏民族团结,宣扬淫秽色情、凶杀暴力和教唆犯罪等内容的出版物。”见《国务院办公厅关于坚决取缔非法出版活动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1996</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">日颁布并实施)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn34 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn34" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref34" name=_edn34><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《出版管理行政处罚实施办法》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日新闻出版署令第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号发布),第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>65</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn35 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn35" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref35" name=_edn35><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">《关于缩小协作出版范围的规定》(新闻出版署<SPAN lang=EN-US>1991</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>),现已废止。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn36 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn36" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref36" name=_edn36><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《关于在协作出版中需要注意的问题的通知》(文化部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1985</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发);《中共中央宣传部、新闻出版署关于禁止“买卖书号”的通知》新出联字【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1993</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1993</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>26</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn37 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn37" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref37" name=_edn37><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《关于禁止“买卖版号”的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1995</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日中央宣传部、新闻出版署联合发出)。《关于严格禁止买卖书号、刊号和版号等问题的若干规定》(新闻出版署</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日发)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn38 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn38" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref38" name=_edn38><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">请立即缴送样书的通知》(新出图〔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">〕</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体">436</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">号)。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《关于重申缴送样书的通知》(新闻出版署</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1996</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。《中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅关于加强和改进书报刊影视音像市场管理的通知》,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中办发【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。《出版管理条例》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19970102</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">颁布,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19970201</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实施,已废止);《出版管理条例》,(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>20020201</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实施)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn39 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn39" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref39" name=_edn39><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《出版管理条例》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>20020201</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实施)。新条例基本保留</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>97</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的旧条例的内容,格外增加</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">章:即第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">章“出版物的进口”,建立出版物进口经营许可制和进口出版物审查制。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn40 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn40" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref40" name=_edn40><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《关于加强激光唱盘、激光视盘复制管理的紧急通知》(中央宣传部、新闻出版署、国家计委、对外贸易经济合作部、海关总署、国家工商行政管理局、国家版权局联合发布</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);《关于实施激光数码储存片来源识别码(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">SID</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">码)的通知(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1995</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">23</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日新闻出版署、文化部、国家工商行政管理局联合发布);《关于使用统一</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电子出版物复制委托书</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的通知》(新闻出版署发</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1995</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);《国务院办公厅关于坚决取缔非法出版活动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1996</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日颁布并实施);《音像制品管理条例》(国务院第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">341</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号令,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2001</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);《音像制品出版管理规定》(新闻出版总署第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">22</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号令,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">06</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn41 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn41" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref41" name=_edn41><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《出版管理行政处罚实施办法》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">29</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">款:“非法出版物的鉴定由省级以上新闻出版行政机关指定的鉴定机关和鉴定人员作出,违禁出版物的鉴定由省级以上新闻出版行政机关作出。鉴定书由两名以上鉴定人签名,经机关负责人审核后签发,加盖新闻出版行政机关出版物鉴定专用章。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn42 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn42" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref42" name=_edn42><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《加强书报刊印刷管理的规定》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1989</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日新闻出版署发布)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn43 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn43" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref43" name=_edn43><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先由《关于严厉打击非法出版活动的通知》(国发【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>65</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,颁布日期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19870776</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,实施日期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19870776</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)所规定。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn44 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn44" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref44" name=_edn44><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">“印刷企业必须具有工商局颁发的营业执照、出版局颁发的出版许可证和公安局颁发的特种行业许可证。”见</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅关于加强和改进书报刊影视音像市场管理的通知》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中办发【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">7)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。《印刷管理条例》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">19970308</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">颁布,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">19970501</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实施,已废止);《印刷管理条例》(国务院令</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">315</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2001</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日颁布并实施)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn45 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn45" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref45" name=_edn45><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《印刷管理条例》(国务院令</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>315</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2001</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日颁布并实施)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>97</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年旧条例第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条的不同。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn46 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn46" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref46" name=_edn46><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《印刷管理条例》,同前注,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn47 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn47" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref47" name=_edn47><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">见</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅关于加强和改进书报刊影视音像市场管理的通知》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中办发【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>07)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn48 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn48" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref48" name=_edn48><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《内部报刊管理原则》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日中央宣传部、新闻出版署发布)。《关于加强内部报纸期刊审批管理的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日新闻出版署发布)。《中共中央宣传部、新闻出版署、邮电部、国家工商行政管理局关于加强内部报刊管理的通知》(新出联字【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>07</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),《关于内部报刊管理若干问题的通知》(新闻出版署</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1995</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn49 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn49" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref49" name=_edn49><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“内部期刊”被清理后,或停刊、或转为统一刊号、或转为不得在社会发行的内部资料。见《关于期刊业治理工作的通知》(新闻出版署</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日发)。《内部资料性出版物管理办法》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日新闻出版署令第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号发布)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">款:“本办法所称内部资料性出版物,是指在本系统、本行业、本单位内部,用于指导工作、交流信息的非卖性成册、折页或散页印刷品,不包括机关公文性的简报等信息资料。”第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:“对内部资料性出版物的委印和承印,实行核发《内部资料性出版物准印证》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以下简称《准印证》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">管理。未经批准取得《准印证》任何单位和个人不得从事内部资料性出版物的委印和承印活动。”<SPAN style="COLOR: red">第</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:“委托印刷内部资料性出版物,<U>应当向所在地省、自治区、直辖市新闻出版局提出申请</U>,申请书应当注明编印目的、内容、发送对象、印张数、印刷期数、册数、开本等,经审核批准,领取《准印证》后,方可从事委印活动。</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”另</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年,“在对内部资料性出版物和记者站清理整顿中,共停办内部资料性出版物</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>338</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种;撤销报刊社记者站</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>202</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">家,同时取缔了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>73</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">家非法设立的记者站及其他从事新闻活动的机构。”见《</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年新闻出版业发展报告》,载新华社</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日电。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn50 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn50" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref50" name=_edn50><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《印刷管理条例》,同前注,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">款。旧条例关于“宗教用品印刷”,只有第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>37</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:“印制宗教用品的,按照国家有关宗教印刷品管理的规定办理。”《宗教事务条例》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">施行)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:“宗教团体按照国家有关规定可以编印宗教内部资料性出版物。出版公开发行的宗教出版物,按照国家出版管理的规定办理。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn51 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn51" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref51" name=_edn51><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上海(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2005</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">21</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日)、浙江(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">29</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日)、安徽(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">6</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">29</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日)、北京(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">28</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">省人大常委会修改并通过各自的地方性法规《宗教事务条例》(以下简称地</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">RRA</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);河南、山西则各自制定该省首部</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">RRA</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(豫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">RRA</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2005</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">30</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日公布,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日施行;晋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">RRA2005</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">29</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日颁布,同年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日施行)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn52 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn52" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref52" name=_edn52><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">基督教的经典、书刊,由基督教团体按国家出版法规的规定,</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">经省以上人民政府主管部门批准</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">,印刷、出版和发行。其他组织和个人不得私自编印、经售、散发基督教的经典、书刊和宣传品</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。”见</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">国务院宗教事务局 公安部关于制止和处理利用基督教进行非法违法活动的通知》(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1988</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>日,<SPAN lang=EN-US>88</SPAN>宗发字第<SPAN lang=EN-US>385</SPAN>号)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn53 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn53" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref53" name=_edn53><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新闻出版署、国务院宗教局、海关总署《关于承接“圣经”印件的管理规定》(新出联【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>22</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),载《宗教法规政策宗教团体章程汇编》,(内部资料)云南省人民政府宗教事务局,云新出(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>98</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)准印字</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>427</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>26</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">页。该文件规定:印制国内《圣经》,由全国性宗教团体负责,国务院宗教局批准,教会内部发行;<U>承接境外《圣经》印制,需经省级宗教局和新闻出版局审批,由新闻出版局指定印刷企业印制</U>,报国务院宗教局、海关总署和新闻出版署备案,并禁止其在境内传播或销售。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn54 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn54" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref54" name=_edn54><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">《国务院批转国家出版局等单位关于制止滥编滥印书刊和加强出版管理工作的报告》(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1980</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>06</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>22</SPAN>)规定:“印制年历、挂历须经省一级以上有关主管部门核准。”“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">非出版单位交印的书刊,未经省一级出版行政机关批准,任何印刷厂都不准制版、印刷.”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn55 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn55" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref55" name=_edn55><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">宪法<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>条增加规定:“国家允许私营经济在法律规定的范围内存在和发展。私营经济是社会主义公有制经济的补充。国家保护私营经济的合法的权利和利益,对私营经济实行引导、监督和管理。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn56 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn56" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref56" name=_edn56><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">宪法第十五条:“国家在社会主义公有制基础上实行计划经济。国家通过经济计划的综合平衡和市场调节的辅助作用,保证国民经济按比例地协调发展。”“禁止任何组织或者个人扰乱社会经济秩序,破坏国家经济计划。”修改为:“国家实行社会主义市场经济。”“国家加强经济立法,完善宏观调控。”“国家依法禁止任何组织或者个人扰乱社会经济秩序。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn57 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn57" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref57" name=_edn57><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宪法修正案</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">第十二条<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>宪法序言第七自然段:“中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就,都是中国共产党领导中国各族人民,在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的指引下,坚持真理,修正错误,战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。我国正处于社会主义初级阶段。国家的根本任务是,根据建设有中国特色社会主义的理论,集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下,在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想指引下,坚持人民民主专政,坚持社会主义道路,坚持改革开放,不断完善社会主义的各项制度,发展社会主义民主,健全社会主义法制,自力更生,艰苦奋斗,逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化,把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。”修改为:“中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就,是中国共产党领导中国各族人民,在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的指引下,坚持真理,修正错误,战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。我国将长期处于社会主义初级阶段。国家的根本任务是,沿着建设有中国特色社会主义的道路,集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。中国各族人民将继续在中国共产党领导下,在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论指引下,坚持人民民主专政,坚持社会主义道路,坚持改革开放,不断完善社会主义的各项制度,<SPAN style="COLOR: red">发展社会主义市场经济</SPAN>,发展社会主义民主,健全社会主义法制,自力更生,艰苦奋斗,逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化,把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn58 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn58" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref58" name=_edn58><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">倒卖计划票证的行为因对象取消而不复存在。“从零售商店或者其他渠道套购紧俏商品,就地加价倒卖的”行为与“倒卖经济合同”行为,却“黄袍加身”而“名正言顺”。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn59 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn59" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref59" name=_edn59><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">79</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">刑法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">79</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">条:“本法分则没有明文规定的犯罪,可以比照本法分则最相类似的条文定罪判刑,但是应当报请最高人民法院核准。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">97</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">刑法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">条:“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">法律明文规定为犯罪行为的,依照法律定罪处刑;法律没有明文规定为犯罪行为的,不得定罪处刑。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn60 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn60" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref60" name=_edn60><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见全国人大常委会《关于惩治骗购外汇、逃汇和非法买卖外汇犯罪的决定》第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn61 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn61" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref61" name=_edn61><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、《关于审理非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高法法释【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">违反国家规定,出版、印刷、复制、发行本解释第一条至第十条规定以外的其他严重危害社会秩序和扰乱市场秩序的非法出版物,情节严重的,依照刑法第二百二十五条第(三)项的规定,以非法经营罪定罪处罚。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、《关于审理扰乱电信市场管理秩序案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>28</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高法法释【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:违反国家规定,采取租用国际专线、私设转接设备或者其他方法,擅自经营国际电信业务或者涉港澳台电信业务进行营利活动,扰乱电信市场管理秩序,情节严重的,依照刑法第二百二十五条第(四)项的规定,以非法经营罪定罪处罚。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、《关于情节严重的传销或者变相传销行为如何定性问题的批复》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2001</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>29</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,法释【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2001</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号):对于1998年4月18日国务院《关于禁止传销经营活动的通知》发布以后,仍然从事传销或者变相传销活动,扰乱市场秩序,情节严重的,应当依照刑法第二百二十五条第(四)项的规定,以非法经营罪定罪处罚。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、《关于非法经营国际或港澳台地区电信业务行为法律适用问题的批复》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高检发释字【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号);</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、《关于办理非法经营食盐刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高检发释字【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:违反国家有关盐业管理规定,非法生产、储运、销售食盐,扰乱市场秩序,情节严重的,以非法经营罪论处。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、《关于办理非法生产、销售、使用禁止在饲料和动物饮用水中使用的药品等刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高法、最高检联合发,法释【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2002</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>26</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:</SPAN><SPAN class=htd01><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">在生产、销售的饲料中添加盐酸克仑特罗等禁止在饲料和动物饮用水中使用的药品,或者销售明知是添加有该类药品的饲料,情节严重的,依照刑法第二百二十五条第(四)项的规定,以非法经营罪追究刑事责任。</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、《关于办理妨害预防、控制突发传染病疫情等灾害的刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2003</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高法、最高检联合发,法释【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2003</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:违反国家在预防、控制突发传染病疫情等灾害期间有关市场经营、价格管理等规定,哄抬物价、牟取暴利,严重扰乱市场秩序,违法所得数额较大或者有其他严重情节的,依照</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><A href="javascript:SLC(17010,0)"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>刑法</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><A href="javascript:SLC(17010,225)"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>二百二十五条</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第(四)项的规定,以非法经营罪定罪,依法从重处罚。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部关于依法开展打击淫秽色情网站专项行动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理赌博刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》【法释(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日】)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn62 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn62" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref62" name=_edn62><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如《关于审理非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条;《关于办理非法经营食盐刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条;</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn63 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn63" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref63" name=_edn63><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《最高人民法院</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最高人民检察院关于依法严惩非法出版犯罪活动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,法(研)发〔</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">〕</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">33</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、以牟取暴利为目的,从事非法出版物的出版、印刷、发行、销售活动,非法经营或者非法获利的数额较大,情节严重的,以刑法第一百一十七条投机倒把罪论处;数额巨大的,适用刑法第一百一十八条;情节特别严重的,适用《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于严惩严重破坏经济的罪犯的决定》第一条第(一)项的规定。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn64 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoPlainText style="LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-ALIGN: left" align=left><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn64" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref64" name=_edn64><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>见《最高人民法院最高人民检察院关于摘要转发《依法查处非法出版犯罪活动工作座谈会纪要》的通知》(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1988</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN>日 法<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>研<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>发〔<SPAN lang=EN-US>1988</SPAN>〕<SPAN lang=EN-US>28</SPAN>号)。<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn65 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn65" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref65" name=_edn65><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅关于整顿、清理书报刊和音像市场严厉打击犯罪活动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1989</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn66 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn66" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref66" name=_edn66><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《最高人民法院</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最高人民检察院</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公安部关于严厉打击非法出版犯罪活动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);《最高人民法院</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">最高人民检察院</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新闻出版署</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公安部</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国家行政管理局关于进一步严厉打击非法出版活动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>23</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>91</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新出联字第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>23</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn67 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn67" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref67" name=_edn67><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅关于加强和改进书报刊和影视音像市场管理的通知》(中办发【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。《关于进一步加强和改进出版工作的报告》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1995</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅转发新闻出版署党组的报告)。《国务院办公厅关于坚决取缔非法出版活动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1996</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。《国务院办公厅关于进一步加强对有关出版物管理的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>26</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn68 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn68" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref68" name=_edn68><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《最高人民法院关于严厉打击有关非法出版物犯罪活动的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,法发【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)。《关于审理非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高法法释【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn69 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn69" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref69" name=_edn69><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见该解释第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn70 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn70" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref70" name=_edn70><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该解释第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">违反国家规定,出版、印刷、复制、发行本解释第一条至第十条规定以外的其他严重危害社会秩序和扰乱市场秩序的非法出版物,情节严重的,依照刑法第二百二十五条第(三)项的规定,以非法经营罪定罪处罚。”第<SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN>条规定:非法从事出版物的出版、印刷、复制、发行业务,严重扰乱市场秩序,情节特别严重,构成犯罪的,可以依照刑法第二百二十五条第(三)项的规定,以非法经营罪定罪处罚。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn71 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn71" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref71" name=_edn71><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>52</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条规定,在突发事件发生期间,散布谣言、哄抬物价、欺骗消费者,扰乱社会秩序、市场秩序的,由公安机关或者工商行政管理部门依法给予行政处罚;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn72 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoNormal><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn72" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref72" name=_edn72><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《关于办理妨害预防、控制突发传染病疫情等灾害的刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">2003</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">13</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高法、最高检联合发,法释【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">2003</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:违反国家在预防、控制突发传染病疫情等灾害期间有关市场经营、价格管理等规定,哄抬物价、牟取暴利,严重扰乱市场秩序,违法所得数额较大或者有其他严重情节的,依照</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><A href="javascript:SLC(17010,0)"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>刑法</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><A href="javascript:SLC(17010,225)"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; TEXT-DECORATION: none; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>二百二十五条</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第(四)项的规定,以非法经营罪定罪,依法从重处罚。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn73 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn73" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref73" name=_edn73><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">最高人民法院最高人民检察院关于当前办理经济犯罪案件中具体应用法律的若干问题的解答(试行)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">* </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">1985</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">)》。至今有效的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">国务院《投机倒把行政处罚暂行条例》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1987</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>17</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)亦将“哄抬物价”行为作为“投机倒把”行为。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn74 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn74" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref74" name=_edn74><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《中共中央、国务院关于进一步做好宗教工作若干问题的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);《关于转发</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">公安部关于查禁取缔“呼喊派”等邪教组织的情况及工作意见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的通知》(厅字【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1995</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号);《公安部关于认定和取缔邪教组织若干问题的通知》(公通字【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2000</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>39</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)。详尽分析参杨凯乐(美)著:《浙江萧山教堂被拆教案分析》,(未刊稿)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn75 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn75" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref75" name=_edn75><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> 2003</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,河南平顶山市鲁山县公安局国保大队以涉嫌“利用邪教组织破坏法律实施罪”对张义南监视居住;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,以涉嫌“颠覆国家政权罪”为由对其刑事拘留;</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>27</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,平顶山市劳动教养管理委员会以张义南《基督化宪法》、《中国向何处去?依靠基督是通途》和《河南基督教家庭教会信条》等</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">篇文章及其笔记认定其“涉嫌颠覆国家政权”,决定处以劳动教养</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年。见《中国法律与宗教观察》,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月,对华援助协会季刊,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>58</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">—</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>92</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">页。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>26</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日,邢保营和王桂真因制作《远志明见证》、《耶稣生平》和《迦南诗歌》光盘并传播,被河南漯河市公安局以涉嫌“煽动颠覆国家政权罪”刑事拘留;后以相同理由逮捕并移送检察院审查起诉。退捕后,两人被漯河市公安局决定转劳动教养。见</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《漯河市人民检察院委托辩护人告知书》(漯检刑委辩【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>67</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号);《漯河市劳动教养管理委员会劳动教养决定书》(漯劳字(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>008</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号);《漯河市看守所释放证明书》(漯字【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>048</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号);《解除劳动教养证明书》(河南女子劳动教养管理所字第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>004</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn76 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn76" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref76" name=_edn76><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条不以“营利”为“非法经营罪”的主观要件,不仅罔故从“投机倒把罪”——“非法经营罪”的立法史,背离对“非法经营”的通常理解,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">而且无法解释何谓“严重侵犯市场秩序”。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn77 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn77" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref77" name=_edn77><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">例如,由于家庭教会宗教内部出版活动的普遍和频繁,不可能皆事无巨细地加以管制。只有当其印发数量巨大影响非常时,才被想象为构成对统治秩序的威胁,所以,第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条才不同于第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">条,而规定“情节特别严重”的要件。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn78 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn78" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref78" name=_edn78><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应当指出,即使只将行政规章作为“法“,淮南田家庵区法院的判决理由亦未能证明淮南市新闻出版局鉴定结论的合法性——即是否被安徽省新闻出版局所指定鉴定。因为《出版管理行政处罚实施办法》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,新闻出版署令第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>29</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">款规定:“非法出版物的鉴定由省级以上新闻出版行政机关指定的鉴定机关和鉴定人员作出”。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn79 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn79" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref79" name=_edn79><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《关于审理非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高法法释【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn80 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn80" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref80" name=_edn80><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>36</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn81 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn81" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref81" name=_edn81><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中共中央《关于我国社会主义时期宗教问题的基本观点和基本政策》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>31</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)、</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">彭真《关于中华人民共和国宪法修改草案的说明》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">――</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>22</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)和大陆各种大同小异的中国宪法教科书,都解释了何谓“宗教信仰自由”:“每个公民既有宗教信仰的自由,也有不信仰宗教的自由;有信仰这种宗教的自由,也有信仰那种宗教的自由;在同一宗教里面,有信仰这个教派的自由,也有信仰那个教派的自由;有过去不信教而现在信教的自由,也有过去信教而现在不信教的自由。”</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1949</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年,中共执政后,将各宗教团体冠以“爱国”标签而“国家化”,按行政建制建立中央和地方系统,从而封闭了自由建立宗教组织的空间。由云南首创、国务院宗教局乔连升局长提倡的“三定”政策(定片、定活动点、定教牧人员),宗教活动场所-教职人员,纳入形式上的“依法管理”体制-实质的“行政许可”程序管制。这以后在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年国务院《宗教事务条例》和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2006</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年北京、上海、浙江等省市修订的地方宗教事务法规中体现出来,详细资料见赵天恩编:《中共宗教政策及三自会文件》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1979</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1993</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),中国教会研究中心出版,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1993</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月。详尽分析见杨凯乐(美)著,《从</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2006</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年地方宗教法规修订看宗教立法目的的变化》,载《中国法律与宗教观察》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月,华恩出版社。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn82 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn82" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref82" name=_edn82><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">信仰自由正是寄居于这个公共空间内,自安其位,同时参与维护公共空间的存在保证政治权力的健康。这正是恰当精准理解“政教分离”原则核心的关键。宗教信仰(组织)与政府(权力)之间绝非一堵不可逾越的长城,应当是:不仅教会与政府各有自我的使命、职责与功能,而且教会及其信徒必须行使自由,既要维护自身敬拜上帝、传扬福音公共空间的存在,亦须保证所处政治共同体公共权力的健康。”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">参杨凯乐(美)著:《简评</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2006</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年中国大陆教案——兼论基督徒与公民》,载博讯新闻网</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>boxun.com.</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn83 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn83" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref83" name=_edn83><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> <SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《关于我国社会主义时期宗教问题的基本观点和基本政策》</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>31</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);《中共中央、国务院关于进一步做好宗教工作若干问题的通知》(第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件)(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。详尽分析参杨凯乐(美)著:《浙江萧山教案分析》,未刊稿。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn84 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn84" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref84" name=_edn84><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如最高法、最高检《关于办理组织和利用邪教组织犯罪案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1999</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">项;最高法、最高检《关于办理组织和利用邪教组织犯罪案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释(二)》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2001</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn85 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn85" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref85" name=_edn85><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">国务院宗教事务局 公安部关于制止和处理利用基督教进行非法违法活动的通知》(<SPAN lang=EN-US>1988</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>日,<SPAN lang=EN-US>88</SPAN>宗发字第<SPAN lang=EN-US>385</SPAN>号);</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">新闻出版署、国务院宗教局、海关总署《关于承接“圣经”印件的管理规定》(新出联【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1994</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>22</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);《内部资料性出版物管理办法》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日新闻出版署令第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号发布);《印刷管理条例》(国务院令</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>315</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2001</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日颁布并实施)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">款;《宗教事务条例》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2005</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">施行)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn86 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn86" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref86" name=_edn86><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见《关于审理非法出版物刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,最高法法释【</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1998</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">】</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号)第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>11</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn87 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn87" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref87" name=_edn87><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正如宗教信仰自由,是容许公民只能在政府控制人事编制和提供经费的“三自”教会内,“信”和“传”的自由;出版自由,是公民只能通过政府许可经营的出版社著书出版的自由。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn88 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn88" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref88" name=_edn88><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> 1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>135</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条:“人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关办理刑事案件,应当分工负责,互相配合,互相制约,以保证准确有效地执行法律。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn89 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn89" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref89" name=_edn89><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宪法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">修正案:“中国各族人民将继续在<U>中国共产党领导</U>下,在<U>马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和‘三个代表’重要思想</U><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">指引</B>下,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">坚持</B><U>人民民主专政</U>,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">坚持</B><U>社会主义道路</U>,坚持改革开放,不断完善<U>社会主义</U>的各项制度,发展<U>社会主义</U>市场经济,发展<U>社会主义</U>民主,健全<U>社会主义</U>法制,自力更生,艰苦奋斗,逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化,把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn90 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn90" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref90" name=_edn90><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“中华人民共和国公民在行使自由和权利的时候,不得损害国家的、社会的和集体的利益和其他公民的合法的自由和权利。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn91 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn91" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref91" name=_edn91><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">“中华人民共和国刑法的任务,是用刑罚同一切犯罪行为作斗争,以保卫国家安全,保卫人民民主专政的政权和社会主义制度,保护国有财产和劳动群众集体所有的财产,保护公民私人所有的财产,保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利,维护社会秩序、经济秩序,保障社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。”</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn92 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn92" href="file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fanyafeng/桌面/宗教出版自由与非法经营罪%20修订版.htm#_ednref92" name=_edn92><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见菲利普·佩迪特著:《共和主义——一种关于自由与政府的理论》,刘训练译,<SPAN style="COLOR: black">凤凰出版传媒集团、江苏人民出版社,</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年版,尤其是第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">239</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">268</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">页。</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
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