杨宁 发表于 2020-6-13 13:26:21

何当: 推荐信仰自由与信仰表达自由——为网上宗教信仰者辩护

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<TD>何当 发表于 2007-10-30 3:48:00 </TD></TR>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0pt 0pt 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">信仰自由与信仰表达自由</SPAN></B><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">——</SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">为网上宗教信仰者辩护</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">《传道书》说:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">日光之下,并无新事</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。关天现在对基督徒言论的限制(可能在一些朋友那里是庇护,我可不跟他争)并不是第一次,所以有一些话我们也就只好再说一遍。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">之前那个《别傻了》帖子是跟朋友谈天,这个帖子是跟版主探讨。我有两个请求,希望版主能够理解:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR><BR>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">)这个帖子虽然提到了基督徒信仰,但是并没有在传教或者布道,没有任何信仰内容,其所关注的是我们国家的宗教法规问题,所以,这是一个讨论法律条文和法制建设的帖子,请版主不要把它当作宗教帖子给处理了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR><BR>2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">)我在文中虽然提出一些理论上的不同意见,但是首先这只是一个普通人的普通看法,其次我也只是在理论上试图给出自己的观点,并不是要在行动上抗议或者反击关天对于基督教言论的规定。作为基督徒,我们愿意遵守国家所制定的各项法规,即使这中间还有不尽如人意之处,并对我们造成一些不便,我仍然愿意保持我作为一个现代人对法治精神本身所应有的尊重。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">希望关天能够有一点点空间,让我们这些普通百姓说说自己心里的想法。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">下面是我的旧帖</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">————————————————————————————————</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">信仰自由与信仰表达自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>——</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">为网上宗教信仰者辩护</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十五条:中华人民共和国公民有言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威的自由。</SPAN></U><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN></U><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">《中华人民共和国立法法》第七十八条:宪法具有最高的法律效力,一切法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、规章都不得同宪法相抵触。</SPAN></U><U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN></U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">一直以来,天涯社区对于包括基督徒在内的一些宗教信仰者张贴的网络文章采取了比较严格对待的态度。不管是记叙自身信仰生活的经历和感想,是明确阐述和宣扬自己宗教信仰,是进行神学或哲学方面的学术性探讨还是对宗教现象进行经济,社会,文化研究,不少涉及宗教和信仰内容的帖子被封杀删除,理由是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">非宗教场所进行传教属于违法行为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,故而应予以取缔。这个观点值得怀疑与商榷。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">正如我国政府所反复强调的,中国是一个有宗教信仰自由的国家。中国的法律明文保护中国公民的宗教信仰自由和合法合理范围内的宗教活动。同时,中国的《宪法》明确宣布中国公民有言论自由。中国公民同时在信仰和信仰表达上拥有法律明文赋予的自由。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">根据我国《宪法》和国务院《宗教事务条例》的内容,我们有理由认为,目前各个地方执行的具体宗教管理法规(比如海南省《宗教事务管理条例》)中间关于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">不得在宗教活动场所外传教</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的条文间接侵害了《宪法》第三十五条赋予公民的基本权利,依照《立法法》第七十八条之规定,属非法之法,理应由相关部门依照《立法法》第八十七条,八十八条之规定予以改变或者撤销。宗教信仰者在网络上所进行的个人性信仰表达活动应该得到保护。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">对于的宗教信仰自由问题,除了《宪法》的规定之外,长期以来,我国政府还有一个具体的宗教政策。这个宗教政策有一个表述很特别的地方就是强调</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">宗教不信仰的自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,这个表述如下:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">公民有信仰宗教和不信仰宗教的自由。每个公民既有信仰宗教的自由,也有不信仰宗教的自由;有信仰这种宗教的自由,也有信仰那种宗教的自由;在同一宗教里面,有信仰这个教派的自由,也有信仰那个教派的自由;有过去不信教而现在信教的自由,也有过去信教而现在不信教的自由。既尊重和保护信教的自由,也保护不信教的自由,这是最基本的内容。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">文字上看,这个表述很公允,它既维护了宗教信仰者的宗教信仰自由,也维护了宗教不信仰者的宗教不信仰自由,所以是真正的信仰自由。但是在其实际操作中,这个旨在保护宗教信仰自由的政策却有可能反而损害了宗教信仰自由,原因在于,这个政策在其实践上混淆了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">信仰自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">信仰表达自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的不同。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">我们认可公民不但有信仰的自由,也有不信仰的自由,并且认为,这两种自由本质上是同一种自由,那就是公民在信仰问题上不受外来干扰和压力的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">自主抉择权</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。一个人们可以自由的选择信仰宗教与否以及选择信仰哪个宗教的社会是一个真正的宗教信仰自由的社会。不论是保护公民的宗教信仰自由还是宗教不信仰自由,都是为了确保公民在信仰问题上拥有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">自主抉择权</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">,都是为了实现一个宗教信仰自由的社会。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">和很多人认为的相反,宗教信仰自主抉择权的保护不能通过扼杀对信仰的公开表达而实现。真正会对公民的信仰自主抉择权造成威胁的不是对信仰的公开表达,而是对信仰公开表达的暴力扼杀。在一个信仰可以被公开(但不是官方)表达的社会里面,人们仍然可以自由地选择他们的信仰,或者选择不信仰。不但如此,只有信仰可以被公开表达,人们才能有足够的机会和充分的信息管道去认识一个信仰,并且尽可能全面深入的去了解这个信仰,在此基础上,人们可以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">最自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的做出他在信仰问题上的选择:或者信仰,或者不信仰。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">所以,真正的宗教信仰自由是两个层面意义上的自由:法律权利意义上自由,以及认知和判断能力意义上的自由。从这个角度讲,没有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">信仰表达的自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">也就没有真正的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">信仰自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><BR></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">目前网上以法律名义针对宗教信仰者所设立的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">传教禁区</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">是没有法理依据的。因为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">信仰或者不信仰的自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">是宗教信仰自由问题,而</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">信仰表达的自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">事实上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">论</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">-</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的问题而不是宗教信仰问题。用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">保护宗教不信仰自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">的名义限制宗教性的言论自由并非真正在保护</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">宗教不信仰自由</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">;相反,限制宗教言论自由最终会伤害我国法律所明文规定的宗教信仰自由。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">我们认可国家出于保护全体公民和国家整体权益而对宗教信仰自由问题以及宗教场所和宗教活动问题做出应有和适当法律规定,我们相信一个好的法律体系可以在真正保护公民的宗教信仰自由的同时创造一个更美好的社会秩序。但是我们反对限制宗教信仰者合法合理的,纯粹个人性的信仰表达活动,反对把这和宗教组织举行的公开宗教活动等同起来,更不认同这样的活动本身必然是损害他人合法权利或者危害公共利益的活动。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR>1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">年《中共中央国务院关于进一步做好宗教工作若干问题的通知》中提到:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">坚决纠正侵犯公民宗教信仰自由的权利和宗教界合法权益的现象。在宗教活动场所过少的地方,要解决好正常宗教活动所必需的场所</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">。网络是一个新兴而不稳定的虚拟世界,很多问题也确实不容易面对,所以我们可以理解有关部门和社区管理层方面谨慎的态度。但是我们希望我们在诸如天涯社区这样的地方能够有一点点宗教信仰者自由表达信仰言论的空间,毕竟在当今的中国,相对于宗教信仰者的人数,宗教活动场所或者信仰自由表达的场所不是太多,而实在是太不够了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #515151; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><BR><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate Year="2005" Month="3" Day="22" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on">2005<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma"><SPAN lang=EN-US>年</SPAN></SPAN>3<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma"><SPAN lang=EN-US>月</SPAN></SPAN>22<SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma"><SPAN lang=EN-US>日</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma">星期<SPAN lang=EN-US>二</SPAN></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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