汪丁丁: 中国精英没希望了
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">汪丁丁 中国精英没希望了<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P><P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">可惜，中国的精英似乎没有希望了，就我的观察而言，他们多数已经放弃了道义的承当，还嘲笑任何严肃生活的企图，他们借口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">相信市场</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">从而可以任由自己行为败坏。他们漠视这样一项基本原理：市场是嵌入在社会之内的，它根本无法在一个不负责的精英群体所管理的社会内健康地生存。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">精英们的败德行为遵循着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">免费搭车</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">原理，每一个人都试图把拯救社会的责任推卸给</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">上帝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">市场</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">，因为没有人相信一己的力量可以改变他所在的那一群体的腐败。所以，先是政府的腐败，然后是商业和学术的腐败，持续扩散的败德行为产生了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">群体共谋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">，后者鼓励更普遍的腐败。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">——</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">汪丁丁：《丧失了道德基础是伪市场经济》（天涯社区）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">长期以来我们一直在讲，人民当家作主是通过共产党的领导和人民代表大会制度来实现的。这是完全正确的。但共产党的领导是从国家领导核心的深层次来讲的，人民代表大会制度是从国家政权组织形式的高层面来讲的。如果我们仅仅从那样深和那样高的层次层面上谈论问题，而不能在具体实施的层面上丰富民主形式，照样可以把真正的民主做得很假，使人民群众不能深刻体验社会主义民主政治给他们带来的种种好处。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">——</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">李树桥：《关于阳光政治的几点认识》（天益网）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">文本来源：新快报<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 27.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">政府改革的动力和压力来自民众<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 27.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=center><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; LETTER-SPACING: 0.75pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">年<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>日<SPAN lang=EN-US> 13:33</SPAN>中国青年报</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">【<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="javascript:zoomDoc(16);"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>大</SPAN></SPAN></A> <A href="javascript:zoomDoc(14);"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>中</SPAN></SPAN></A> <A href="javascript:zoomDoc(12);"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>小</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>】<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>【<SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://news.ifeng.com/opinion/200712/1220_23_338104.shtml##"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><SPAN lang=EN-US>打印</SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN>】<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">近年来，政府自身的改革已成为各方关注的焦点和难点。最近，又听到不同的学者在不同场合谈到政府改革的动力与压力问题。的确，要真正推进政府改革，我们必须回答一个重要问题：政府改革的动力和压力来自哪里？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">政府自身改革在整个中国改革大局中的重要性已毋庸置疑。去年温家宝总理作政府工作报告时便明确提出：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">必须不断加强政府自身改革和建设</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">，目标是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">建设一个行为规范、公正透明、勤政高效、清正廉洁的政府，建设一个人民群众满意的政府</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">。自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2005</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">年深圳启动以行政体制改革为核心的新一轮综合改革试点以来，上海浦东、天津滨海新区、重庆、武汉四地先后成为广受瞩目的新的综合改革试验特区，在这些新特区的改革蓝图中，行政体制改革（即政府自身的改革）都是核心内容之一。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">但政府自身改革并不容易，迄今我们取得的成果只能说相当有限。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">日前，中共中央党校经济学部主任王东京接受采访时谈到</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">中国官场三大病</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">：一大病是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">地方越穷，人越想当官</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">，为什么？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">靠山吃山，靠水吃水</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">，穷山恶水便</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">靠权吃权</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">了；病症之二，发迹越早，实权越大，升迁的可能越小，即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">少年得志不易升迁</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">，为什么？因为审批权越大，掌握的资源越稀缺，越难摆平写条子的诸多上司，越容易得罪上司；病症之三，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">好人不一定就是好官</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">，任何一个官员做事就一定会得罪人，那些上下左右谁也不得罪的官场</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">老好人</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">，其实是不作为，难称</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">好官</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">。他把这三种病都归因于政府体制中过多的行政审批，根源在于政府掌握了太多的资源。他的分析并不全面，但开出的药方是切实的，那就是要逐步减少行政审批，真正建立服务型政府。然而，王东京对政府改革并不乐观，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">政府改革很难，难就难在政府改革既缺乏动力又缺乏压力</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">。（《财经》网络版</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">17</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">日）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">他对农村改革、企业改革与政府改革进行比较分析说，在农村改革中，作为主体的农民有着改革的动力和积极性，因为他们能因此得到实惠；在企业改革中，有所损失的职工本来是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">有些想法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">的，但企业改革由政府自上而下推动，来自政府的压力能确保改革推进。而现在政府改革面临的问题是，政府官员不愿触及自身和单位的特权与利益，对自身的改革缺乏动力，同时，政府改革缺乏外部压力，基本靠政府自觉。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">我觉得王东京的分析言犹未尽，这种比较尚未深入。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">政府改革虽然可能削减政府官员的利益，但政府改革并非没有受益者，与其他改革相比，政府改革的受益者更广大<SPAN lang=EN-US>——</SPAN>应该说是全体纳税人将长期受益，除了可能触动政府工作人员的短期利益之外，谁都明白它的效益对大多数阶层都将是正面的。所以，真正的问题是：一项社会多数人受益的改革，为何如此艰难？作为多数的将受益的公民，为什么未能成为政府改革的动力和压力？说到底，还是因为他们缺乏督促政府改革的力量，多数人的权利和愿望，缺乏表达和实现的途径。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">日前，在《财经》杂志召开的展望</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2008</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">的年会上，中央编译局副局长、北大政府创新研究中心主任俞可平介绍了近年来各地的政府创新做法，最后也谈到政府创新改革的动力问题。他说，政府创新的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">直接动力当然是政府官员的责任心和进取心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 18.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">中国的现实和历史情境都意味着，对于政府改革，领导人从上而下的推动，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">政府官员的责任心和进取心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">是非常重要的。但缺少民众的支持，领导者的推动力往往有限。希望推进政府改革的领导人，也必须启发和依靠多数人的力量，来督促和制衡作为一个利益集团的庞大的官僚阶层。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">上有政策，下有对策</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">”</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana">，政令难出中南海，种种现象显示，在庞大的倾向于维护既得利益的官僚集团面前，改革决心再大的领导人也可能感到势单力薄。惟有人民，被赋权的人民，才是改革者真正的依靠，才是政府改革最强大的动力和压力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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