杨宁 发表于 2020-6-14 16:55:40

杨圣山:宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?——解读胡锦涛2007宗教讲话(上)

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<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">——解读胡锦涛</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宗教讲话(上)</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate Year="2007" Month="12" Day="18" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">12</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">18</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,中共中央政治局就宗教工作召开集体学习会议,会议由执政党党魁胡锦涛先生主持。执政党决策集团专门开会,讨论宗教问题,并由其党魁专门发表讲话对该党宗教工作提出要求,自该党</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1949</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年执掌中国政权近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">60</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年来,这种公开重视宗教问题的方式尚属首次。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="胡锦涛"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡锦涛</SPAN></st1:PersonName><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">先生“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">200</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">对新形势下执政党的宗教工作提出</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大要求:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">一是要坚持党的宗教工作基本方针:即要全面贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策,坚持依法管理宗教事务,坚持独立自主自办,坚持积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应;二是坚持以人为本,团结信教群众,解决其生活困难;三是加强宗教教职人员队伍建设,帮助和指导爱国宗教团体增强自养能力,依法依章搞好自我管理,维护宗教界合法权益。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乍一看,执政党对宗教问题的重视,似乎暗示着宗教解禁的初啼和宗教自由的先声。于是,国内外媒体争先恐后,或多或少地恭候执政党的开明大度,有意无意地预示不久的将来中国就会实现宗教自由。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn1" name=_ednref1><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">若这种期待正确,那么“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">200</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话必有新意和突破。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">近<SPAN lang=EN-US>60</SPAN>年来执政党党魁第一次就宗教问题公开讲话,的确是表明执政党对宗教问题的重视程度前所未有;但“重视”仅仅意味宗教问题如此重要以至于需要立即采取对策,却不必然意味宗教自由的来临。因为解决宗教问题的方式有两种:或承认宗教自由逐渐使宗教问题不再发生;或加强宗教管制,封闭宗教自由空间,支配宗教活动,从而杜绝任何宗教问题产生的可能。那么,我们应该仔细斟酌认真分析:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">200</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话究竟预示着执政党的何种选择及其宗教政策的何种走向?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><st1:chsdate Year="2006" Month="7" Day="10" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,胡锦涛先生以执政党党魁、国家主席和中央军委主席身份出席第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">20</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">次<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">全国统战工作会议</B>,并首次要求全党从<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">战略高度认识统战工作,</B>在“五大关系”上构建“和谐社会”,</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn2" name=_ednref2><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“宗教关系”在上述五种关系中赫然位列第三。在这个执政党十六大以来的第一次全国统战工作会议上,胡锦涛强调:</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">统一战线<SPAN style="COLOR: black">坚持以人为本</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red">,</SPAN>全面理解和认真贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针;坚持依法管理宗教事务;要坚持独立自主自办的原则,帮助和支持各宗教团体加强自身建设。要积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应,使信教群众在全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标下最大限度地团结起来。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn3" name=_ednref3><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> <SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将胡锦涛“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">200</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="10" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>统战讲话</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内容与其</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">纲要比较,我们发现二者内容基本重合。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这证明二者</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">一脉相承;尽管前者未提及宗教教职人员,但</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“<SPAN style="COLOR: black">党外代表人士培养选拔工作”为同次会议上中央统战部部长刘延东报告中六大重点工作之一;</SPAN></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn4" name=_ednref4><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“<SPAN style="COLOR: black">加强爱国宗教人士政治培训”是会上各地统战干部交流内容之一。</SPAN></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn5" name=_ednref5><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而且,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">同年<st1:chsdate Year="2008" Month="12" Day="25" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>月<SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN>日</st1:chsdate>,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">国家宗教事务局局务会议通过</B>《宗教教职人员备案办法》与《宗教活动场所主要教职任职备案办法》两项行政规章,其要求简而言之:即政府决定宗教教职人员资格和任职。由此,宗教教职人员及其任职的首要标准不是信仰及精通本宗教教义,而是对政府的服从。宗教团体由宗教教职人员组成,宗教活动由宗教教职人员主持。于是,对宗教教职人员的控制,在宗教管制布局中居于枢纽位置:若服从政府者方能获得“合法”的宗教教职人员身份;其组成的宗教团体和主持的宗教活动及受其影响的一般教徒,因“合法”地位源于政府许可,而被顺水推舟地纳入政府控制系统。正因如此,“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">加强宗教教职人员队伍建设”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">在胡锦涛</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话中</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">被单列出来而具有如此的重要地位。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">200</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="10" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>统战讲话</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">对不服从者,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在“依法管理宗教事务”后列明具体措施:“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">保护合法,制止非法,打击犯罪,确保宗教活动规范有序进行”,这成为“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话隐而未现的弦外之音。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">10</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">15</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">21</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日召开的<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">中国共产党第</B></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black">17</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">次全国代表大会</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">首次将</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针,团结信教群众为经济社会发展作贡献”列入执政党党章总纲。胡锦涛的十七大报告,要求在宗教问题上“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针,发挥<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">宗教界人士</B>和信教群众在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用。”党章与报告几乎完全一致的表述,说明执政党在宗教问题上将完全延续过去的宗教政策;而且限定宗教发挥作用的空间:即宗教自由活动的空间,仅限于经济领域。这是执政党容许的底线,亦反映了该党的实用主义倾向。胡锦涛报告之所以单独提到“宗教界人士”,只是为强调“宗教界人士”在控制宗教这场全国布局上举足轻重的作用。值得警醒的是:执政党第一次将其宗教政策列入党章,这不仅是重点执政布局,而且是对该党各级组织和党员干部下达的新要求新任务。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn6" name=_ednref6><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: ˎ̥; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">十七大使得“建立和谐国家”成为执政党基本路线的新要求</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">;</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn7" name=_ednref7><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“宗教关系”是构建“和谐社会”的五大关系之一,“社会建设”正是执政党执政布局新增部分,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn8" name=_ednref8><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">于是,“宗教关系”对于“国家和谐”至关重要。由于“和谐”实际是执政党执政地位-“社会稳定”乃至“国家安全”的代名词,所以,一言以蔽之,“宗教关系”对社会稳定、国家安全和政权如此重要,以至于执政党不得不需要公开要求其各级党组织和干部从社会稳定、国家安全和执政能力出发,将宗教管制作为新的任务和义务。这种宣示,使得中共</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">60</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">年来的“以党统教”政策第一次通过党章走向前台。执政党首次公开要求全党加强控制中国公民的宗教活动,深层背景乃是当今中国的宗教信仰活动救济公民精神危机的影响力,已经对执政党统治正当性构成挑战;因此执政党不得不控制宗教以维护稳定,而且控制的加强已经到了刻不容缓的地步。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">正是在这个背景下,<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="胡锦涛">胡锦涛</st1:PersonName>先生才在其“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>政治局宗教讲话中,开门见山地谈到“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">切实做好宗教工作,关系党和国家工作全局,关系社会和谐稳定,关系全面建设小康社会进程,关系中国特色社会主义事业发展</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">。”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">正因为宗教工作关系到党国全局和社会和谐稳定,才需要执政党从“战略高度”对待宗教。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">执政党第一次要求从“战略高度”做好宗教工作,才是胡锦涛</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>政治局宗教讲话最令人注目之处。“战略高度”即执政党执掌全国政权的全局角度。当今党国大局即执政党执政地位和社会稳定,所以,一个关系党国全局和社会和谐的事项,实际是指该事项涉及到国家安全稳定和执政党执政地位以至于执政党不得不从决定生死存亡的“战略高度”重视。例如:当胡锦涛和周永康在去年<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">全国政法工作会议</B>上要求从社会主义事业发展全局高度做好政法工作,维护共产党执政地位和国家安全就成了政法机关首要的政治义务。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn9" name=_ednref9><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A>那么,宗教工作为什么会事关党国全局而上升到“战略高度”呢?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">中共中央自<SPAN lang=EN-US>1949</SPAN>年以来就全国宗教问题公开的政策文件,只有<SPAN lang=EN-US>1982</SPAN>年的</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">《中共中央关于我国社会主义时期宗教问题的基本观点和基本政策》(即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件)和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的《中共中央、国务院关于进一步做好宗教工作若干问题的通知》(即</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">19</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件是执政党在“文革”结束后为修复其执政正当性而对宗教界施行宽松政策的产物,但在“阶级斗争”思维束缚下,仍然禁止并打击所谓利用宗教的违法犯罪活动、反革命破坏活动、迷信活动和外国宗教敌对势力的渗透活动及间谍破坏活动。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">八九天安门事件对执政党执政地位的质疑和挑战,和东欧“颜色革命”中宗教的影响力,引发执政党(元老)对宗教可能成为反政权工具的联想。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn10" name=_ednref10><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当时的执政党党魁<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="江泽民">江泽民</st1:PersonName>先生认为“宗教被国内外敌对势力利用进行政治渗透以推行和平演变战略”。因此,执政党认为宗教尤其是基督教(包括天主教)威胁到其执政地位。<A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn11" name=_ednref11><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这种判断和认定,导致执政党的宗教政策更加“偏左”</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn12" name=_ednref12><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">:这就是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> 6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件出台的起因和背景。一方面要加强管制;另一方面,国际社会因“天安门事件”对中国施加的制裁,使得执政党公开管制宗教,需要新的即能迷惑国际社会的形式和工具。因此,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件设计</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“依法对宗教事务进行管理”制度,并为加强执政党对宗教工作的领导,提出“使宗教同社会主义社会相适应”的口号。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“依法对宗教事务进行管理”</B>制度和<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“使宗教同社会主义社会相适应”</B>口号,作为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件的首创,被</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">胡锦涛</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话中的首要要求所继承。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">自</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号文件始,管制宗教的依据,从党政内部秘密传达的宗教政策文件,转而借宗教方面公开的行政立法(和刑事立法)为表现形式。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn13" name=_ednref13><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这样在表面上符合宪法的“依法治国”要求,并进而获得“依法治教”的正当性。由此,本应是宗教自由保障的“法”,反成了党国管制支配宗教、宗教服从归属党国系统的工具。这正是“依法对宗教事务进行管理”以“使宗教同社会主义社会相适应”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">的实质。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">执政党以<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>号文件作为宗教问题自“文革”结束后重新成为政治问题的标志。治理宗教的方式,不仅仍是软硬兼施:“软战术”指通过统一战线组织归属政府的宗教系统;“硬战术”指依法打击利用宗教进行的犯罪活动;而且表达强制命令及采取强制措施的语言和理由更加隐蔽化:“法”成为反“和平演变战略”的武器,“依法治国”成为维护执政党执政地位的工具,宗教被送进精心编织的“法制鸟笼”。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">这就能解释为什么</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">胡锦涛</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话将“战略高度”界定为“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">正确认识和处理宗教问题,切实做好宗教工作,关系党和国家工作全局,关系社会和谐稳定,关系全面建设小康社会进程,关系中国特色社会主义事业发展。”也就明了其宗教讲话对宗教工作的第一点要求毫无新意并暗藏杀机。“战略高度”一词,既表明宗教问题对执政党执掌政权所具有的重要性,又避免使用“反革命分子、境外敌对势力、反渗透”等杀气腾腾不合时宜且暴露真实用意的词语,与<SPAN lang=EN-US>6</SPAN>号文件相比,措辞更显“和谐”,目的更加隐蔽。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话第二点要求以人为本,解决信教群众生活困难,让人倍感温情和温馨。殊不知这牵涉到执政党如何理解宗教信仰的根本看法。执政党坚持无神论,在任何公共空间只能宣扬无神论,宗教(活动)只能在指定的宗教活动场所进行:即宗教“鸟笼化”。这是因为执政党认为宗教(信仰)只是源于愚昧贫穷和灾难,由此将其“正确” 的意识形态凌驾于自认为“错误”并迟早将要灭亡的宗教(信仰)之上。统一战线中的宗教工作正是立基于此:赋予宗教界代表人士一定的政治地位,给予宗教教职人员职位和福利,解决信教群众的生活困难,就能在共和国打造出一个“率土之滨,莫非王臣”为我所用的宗教。而且,党国对宗教信徒的关心能起到抑制宗教发展的作用。去年北京市公安局国保大队一名警察一语道破天机:信徒就是因为贫穷没有生活保障才入教,例如密云县基督教家庭教会。该县全面实施社会保障措施后,很多信徒就离开了。所以,只要解决信徒的生活困难,就不再有人信仰宗教。因此,这段话可视作对</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv>宗教讲话第二点要求“以人为本”用意的最佳脚注。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align=center><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">四<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">综上所述,我们认为:<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="胡锦涛">胡锦涛</st1:PersonName>先生“</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">200</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">7</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">·<st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="”" SourceValue="18" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>18</SPAN>”</st1:chmetcnv></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的宗教讲话,不是对宗教突如其来的关心和开明,更非对宗教大智大勇的解禁和开放,而是其为“维护和谐稳定”在宗教问题上进行布局调控水到渠成的结果,是执政党近</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">60</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宗教管制政策一以贯之的延续并走向极左。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">因为执政党管制宗教的模式不仅仍是软硬兼施,而且表现为“绵里藏针”——<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">“软的更软,硬的更硬”</B>:</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">重要的政治文本,不再使用“阶级斗争”式语言,越来越多地营造友好气氛使用法治用语,因此其真实用意越来越隐蔽。例如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1982</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年宪法第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">36</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条及“中华人民共和国实行依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”、“国家尊重和保护人权”等修正案、中共十七大党章宗教部分修正案、国家元首、政府首脑、执政党党魁和统战部、外交部、国家宗教事务局官员在各种场合的公开讲话。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">政治地位上升并被提上战略高度的统战工作,不再采取毛泽东时代区分“敌友”“既联合又斗争”的宣传,而是开始有针对性地越来越精细地制定如何影响宗教教义的解释、提高宗教管理能力和培训宗教界代表人士以及团结信徒等具体可操作的政策,</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn14" name=_ednref14><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">精心打造一个积极与执政党结盟的宗教系统,并包装将之挂上政治舞台,作为工具支持执政党。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">制定的法规规章越来越娴熟地将控制程序用立法语言表述成法律程序,因此其对宗教的管制方式越来越法制化:例如宗教出版物的审批程序、宗教教职人员的备案程序。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn15" name=_ednref15><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">统战部、宗教局及公安局等党政部门的内部文件越来越秘密和具体地指定打击执政党认为对其构成威胁的宗教及其活动:例如去年的“台风</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">号行动”、</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn16" name=_ednref16><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">湖北省荆门市</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">掇刀区《基督教专项治理工作方案》</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn17" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn17" name=_ednref17><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如上所述,公开的政治文本普遍使用冠冕堂皇的法治和人权术语,而对宗教的综合治理下达命令又经常使用“内部秘密文件”的方式,执政党如何让这样看来自相矛盾的表述和治理方式在同一个治理框架内共存并实现其目的呢?</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“绵里藏针”式“政治语言”是执政党出尔反尔的表达习惯:“绵”是模糊抽象高度概括的表述,“针”就是宗教方面的行政立法-地方立法-命令统战部门、宗教管理部门和公安部门(国保大队)工作执法的党政指示,越往下针头越尖,即越到执法部门意图越明显越往基层打击越厉害。同时,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">长久以来“针”的表达方式,奠定了“绵”的表达方式,为各级党政官员从“绵”里分辨政治风向提供关键词。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">执政党决策集团对宗教工作首次召开专项会议及其党魁首次发表专门讲话,正是以中共十七大首次将“全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针,团结信教群众为经济社会发展作贡献”添入党章为号角<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">。</B>党章的宗教工作修正案,堪称绵里藏针笑里藏刀的经典公示:“针”隐藏在“全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针”里。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1956</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年中共八大以后的中国共产党党章修正案,表面是执政党执政方针确定和调整的党纲。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1954</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年以来的四部宪法及其修正案,表面是公民基本权利和国家机构权力安排的基本法。然而,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1973</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年中共十大以来的“修正党章(-制宪)-修改宪法(序言)这种政治程序,就如中国历代王朝传统的祭天仪式,根本目的乃是向民众宣示并增强执政党执政的正当性。当“天(命)”与“政权”的逻辑关联及对这种关联的信仰丧失后,“没有共产党就没有新中国”的历史幻象,成为执政党幻想执政万年的根据;正因为此,执政党对中国近代史至现代经济建设中自身的地位和作用炮制了“救世主”的虚假广告,并</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">60</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年来在全中国从电波到网络维持着“惟党独尊”的意识形态。所以,袁伟时先生在《中国青年报》上批评中学历史教科书就会导致“冰点”停刊;所以,胡锦涛先生才不怕事必躬亲而专门批示大学“增加中国近现代史”的课程。</SPAN><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_edn18" name=_ednref18><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">就如欧洲中世纪的君主(国)自以为亦被误认为是拯救者,执政党也将自身看成亦被误拜为中国世世代代的救世主。</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">执政党认为现今的执政危机首先在于社会危机,由此提出建设“和谐社会”。而社会危机的核心在于精神危机:道德的沦丧和人心的虚空导致国民之间不再存在相互尊重爱惜和共同分担责任的纽带。宗教的发展尤其是基督教的复兴,不仅提供这种信仰式纽带,而且为公民引进的信仰和价值观成为奠定中华共同体秩序的基础。在自认为永是中国人民救世主和带领人的执政党看来,宗教(组织)发展的这种迹象最终会使公民怀疑和反对其对中国公共领域意识形态的强制灌输,从而对其大权独揽安排中国政治共同体秩序的地位形成威胁,于是,宗教(组织)极有可能成为“大逆不道”的“乱臣贼子”。因此,必须“积极引导宗教与社会主义相适应”,实质是坚持执政党的执政地位;既然消灭敌人的阶级斗争运动不再可能,就坚持依法管理宗教事务,编织出宗教的“法制鸟笼”;对宗教界人士的培训、对宗教教职人员的“培养、选拔和使用”、对信教群众生活困难的解决乃至宗教界合法权益的维护,是为了扶持附属于执政党的“爱国宗教团体”,使其在“法制鸟笼”里“独立自主自办”。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由此,一个连内心最深处寻求体验神圣所在的空间都任由党国控制的人,还剩下什么去抵抗暴力和专横?一个连公民追问真理实践自由选择的良知都去强制支配的党国,还有什么不能任意妄为?宗教自由之所以是第一自由,不仅仅它是人寻求神圣肯定其存在意义的保障,而且它对暴力的强制最敏感,对专制的反抗最坚决。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">所以,宗教自由乃是人之尊严、社会之正义、共同体之幸福的朋友,而非敌人。</SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
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<DIV id=edn1 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref1" name=_edn1><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">胡锦涛总书记对宗教工作重要讲话在浙江基层干部群众中引起强烈反响”,国家宗教事务局网;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“胡锦涛强调:确保宗教自由”,联合早报网;邱震海,“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">重视宗教和道德重建已迫在眉睫”,凤凰网凤凰博报;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">李克勤,“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">政治局学习研究宗教工作意味深长”,光明网。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn2 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref2" name=_edn2><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即<SPAN style="COLOR: black">政党关系、民族关系、宗教关系、阶层关系、海内外同胞关系。</SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn3 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref3" name=_edn3><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> </SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见“胡锦涛:在全国统战工作会议上发表重要讲话</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”,中央统战部网。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn4 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref4" name=_edn4><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见“刘延东:进一步开创新世纪新阶段统一战线工作新局面”,中央统战部网。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn5 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref5" name=_edn5><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见“第二十次全国统战工作会议<STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">概况</SPAN></STRONG>”,中央统战部网。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn6 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref6" name=_edn6><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">见“中国共产党历次党章的制定及修正简况(一大至十七大)”。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn7 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref7" name=_edn7><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"> </SPAN><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国共产党在其十六届六中全会明确提出建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的奋斗目标,中共十七大,把党章总纲对党基本路线的表述最后一句修改为“为把我国建设成为富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家而奋斗”。</SPAN> </STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“<STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会秘书处负责人就十七大通过的《中国共产党章程(修正案)》答新华社记者问”,新华社北京</SPAN></STRONG></SPAN><st1:chsdate Year="2008" Month="10" Day="25" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">10</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">25</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN></STRONG></st1:chsdate><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电。</SPAN></STRONG></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn8 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref8" name=_edn8><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“党的十六大以来,党中央提出了深入贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会等重大战略任务,从而使中国特色社会主义事业总体布局由经济建设、政治建设、文化建设三位一体扩展为经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设四位一体。”</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: maroon; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“<STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会秘书处负责人就十七大通过的《中国共产党章程(修正案)》答新华社记者问”,新华社北京</SPAN></STRONG></SPAN><st1:chsdate Year="2008" Month="10" Day="25" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">10</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">25</SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN></STRONG></st1:chsdate><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">电。</SPAN></STRONG></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn9 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn9" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref9" name=_edn9><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">“必须从中国特色社会主义事业发展<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">全局的高度</B>,进一步提高对做好政法工作重要性和紧迫性的认识,准确认识和把握政法工作的性质和职责,通过扎扎实实的努力,不断开创政法工作新局面,为全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化提供强有力的政法保障。……政法事业是中国特色社会主义事业的重要组成部分,必须随着中国特色社会主义事业发展而发展;政法工作是党和国家工作的重要组成部分,必须在党和国家<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">工作大局</B>下开展,为党和国<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">家工作大局</B>服务。<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">切实维护党的执政地位,切实维护国家安全,切实维护人民权益,确保社会大局稳定,是政法战线的首要政治任务</B>。”见</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡锦涛,“扎扎实实开创我国政法工作新局面”,法制网(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">12</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">25</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一要牢牢把握高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜这个主题,进一步坚定政法工作的政治方向。政法机关高举伟大旗帜,<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">最根本的要求就是忠实履行宪法和法律赋予的职责,巩固共产党执政地位,维护国家长治久安,</B>保障人民安居乐业,服务经济社会发展。”见周永康,“<STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜</SPAN></STRONG></SPAN><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"> </SPAN></STRONG><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">努力开创政法工作新局面”,法制网</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2007</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">12</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">25</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)<STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn10 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn10" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref10" name=_edn10><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">陈云:“高度重视宗教渗透问题的信”(</SPAN><st1:chsdate Year="1990" Month="4" Day="4" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>4/4/1990</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),载中共中央文献研究室综合研究组、国务院宗教事务局政策法规司编:《新时期宗教工作文献选编》,宗教文化出版物社(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1995</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p177</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn11 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn11" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref11" name=_edn11><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见江泽民,“保持党的宗教政策的稳定性和连续性”,载中共中央文献研究室综合研究组、国务院宗教事务局政策法规司编:《新时期宗教工作文献选编》,同前注,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p211</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn12 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn12" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref12" name=_edn12><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><st1:chsdate Year="1990" Month="4" Day="24" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>24</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,中共中央总书记江泽民将陈云的信转发执政党中央其他人,要求各级党委和政府重视,并及早采取有力措施。之后,国务院总理李鹏在全国宗教工作会议全体会议发表讲话;同时,中共中央通知加强统一战线,中共中央组织部通知解决党员信教问题。尤其是江泽民在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个月内(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月-</SPAN><st1:chsdate Year="1991" Month="1" Day="30" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">)就宗教问题发表</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">次讲话;最后一次讲话后一星期内,《中共中央、国务院关于进一步做好宗教工作若干问题的通知》出台。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见“《巩固和扩大党同各民族爱国宗教界的统一战线》——《中共中央关于加强统一战线工作的通知》的一部分”(</SPAN><st1:chsdate Year="1990" Month="7" Day="14" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False" w:st="on"><SPAN lang=EN-US>14/7/1990</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);江泽民:“必须树立马克思主义的民族观和宗教观”(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>9/1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);李鹏:“进一步重视、关心和做好宗教工作”(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5/12/1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);江泽民:“一定要做好宗教工作”(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>7/12/1990</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);《中共中央组织部关于妥善解决共产党员信仰宗教问题的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>28/1/1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);江泽民:“保持党的宗教政策的稳定性和连续性”(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>30/1/1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">);《中共中央、国务院关于进一步做好宗教工作若干问题的通知》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>5/2/1991</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),载中共中央文献研究室综合研究组、国务院宗教事务局政策法规司编:《新时期宗教工作文献选编》,同前注,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p178</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>179</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p180</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>185</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p189</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>197</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p198</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>204</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p205</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>207</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p208</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>212</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p213</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>221</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn13 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn13" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref13" name=_edn13><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">宗教类地方性法规制定计划及其内容,由国务院宗教立法规划及其内容支配。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1997</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年《刑法》修正案将</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1979</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年《刑法》中第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>99</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">组织、利用封建迷信、会道门进行反革命活动</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”条款</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">从刑法分则第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">章挪入第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">章“妨害社会管理秩序罪”——“扰乱公共秩序罪”,改为第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">300</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: ˎ̥">条:刑法规范的假定条件即犯罪构成表述为“</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">组织和利用会道门、邪教组织或者利用迷信破坏国家法律、行政法规实施的”、“蒙骗他人,致人死亡的”、“奸淫妇女、诈骗财物的”。第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>300</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1979</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年《刑法》第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>99</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条,存在两大不同:形式上的犯罪主体,增加了“邪教组织”;犯罪客体从“无产阶级专政和社会主义制度”转换为“国家法律、行政法规的实施、人身权和财产权”。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn14 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn14" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref14" name=_edn14><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见“刘延东:进一步开创新世纪新阶段统一战线工作新局面”,中央统战部网。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn15 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn15" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref15" name=_edn15><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见曹志,“宗教出版自由与非法经营罪”,载《中国法律与宗教观察》,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期。朱应平,“我国宗教组织的教职人员管理规范研究(一)”,普世社会科学研究网。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn16 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn16" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref16" name=_edn16><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见李隽,“大陆驱逐百名外国传教士?”,载《凤凰周刊》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>22</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期,总第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>263</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p33-34</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn17 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn17" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref17" name=_edn17><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见对华援助协会网相关报道和评论。</SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV id=edn18 style="mso-element: endnote">
<P class=MsoEndnoteText><A title="" style="mso-endnote-id: edn18" href="file:///D:/下载文件/宗教自由是敌人还是朋友?.htm#_ednref18" name=_edn18><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><SPAN class=MsoEndnoteReference><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT color=#0000ff></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">见“胡锦涛批示:大学政治课增中国近现代史”,载台湾《中国时报》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>25</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">),转引自《凤凰周刊》(</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>2007</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>14</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期</SPAN> <SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">总第</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>255</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">期),</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US>p6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>

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